AP HUG UNIT 6

Urban Area

a central city and its surrounding suburbs

Urban sprawl

the unplanned and uncontrolled spreading of cities into surrounding regions

Edge City

describes a type of community located on the outskirts of a larger city

Boomburb

a suburb that has grown rapidly into a large and sprawling city with more than 100,000 residents

Exburb

fast-growing community outside of or on the edge of a metropolitan area where residents and community are closely connected to the central city and suburbs

Infill

redevelopment that identifies and develops vacant parcels of land within previously built areas

Rank-size rule

a geographic concept that describes how the population size of cities within a country may be distributed

Primate city

a city that ranks first in a nation in terms of population and economy

Central Place Theory

The distribution of services based on settlements serving as centers of market areas.

Threshold

The minimum number of people needed to support a good or service.

The size and location of a central business place.

What does the threshold determine in relation to a central business place?

Range (of a service)

The maximum distance people are willing to travel for a good or service

Megacity

City with more than 10 million people

Metacity

A city with a population over 20 million

World Cities

Cities generally considered to play an important role in the global economic system.

What is a characteristic of world cities?

They are influential globally.

Concentric Zone Model

A structural model of the American central city that suggests the existence of five concentric land-use rings arranged around a common center

Hoyt Sector Model

A model of the internal structure of a city in which social groups are arranged around a series of sectors or wedges radiating out from the CBD.

Harris-Ullman Multiple Nuclei Model

A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged around a collection of nodes of activities.

Galactic City Model

A model of urban development depicting a city where economic activity has moved from the central business district.

What is another name for the Galactic City Model?

The peripheral model.

Latin American City Model

a model of urban development depicting a city with a central business district, concentric rings, and sections stricken by poverty; also known as the Griffin-Ford model

Disamenity Zones

a high-poverty urban area in a disadvantaged location containing steep slopes, flood-prone ground, rail lines, landfills, or industry

Squatter Settlements

Temporary homes often made of wood scrpas or metal sheeting

African City Model

model that suggests that African cities have more than one CBD, which is a remanence of colonialism

Southeast Asian City Model

a model of urban development depicting a city oriented around a port and lacking a formal central business district, growing outward in concentric rings and along multiple nodes

Zoning

dividing an area into zones or sections reserved for different purposes such as residence and business and manufacturing etc

Ecological Footprint

Its impact on the environment expressed as the amount of land required to sustain its use of natural resources

Mixed-use development

A single planned development designed to include multiple uses such as residential, retail, educational, recreational, industrial, and office spaces— a way to limit sprawl and design livable urban areas

Walkability

Refers to how safe, convenient, and efficient it is to walk in an urban enviorment

Transportation-Oriented development

The creation of dense, walkable, pedestrian-oriented mixed use communities centered around or located near a transit station

Smart-Growth Policies

Policies that aim to create sustainable communities by placing development in convenient locations and designing it to be more efficient and environmentally responsible

Mixed-Use Zoning

Permits multiple land uses in the same space or structure

Traditional Zoning

Creates separate zones based on land-use type or economic function such as various categories of residential ( low-Medium- or high density) commercial or industrial

New Urbanism

Focuses on limiting urban expansion while preserving nature and usable farmland

Slow-Growth Cities

Cities where planners have used smart-growth policies to decrease the rate at which cites grow outward

Urban-Growth Boundary

Borders a cities edges and defines where new development can take place

Greenbelt

A ring of parkland, agricultural land, or other type of open space maintained around an urban area to limit sprawl

De Facto Segregation

Segregation that results from residential settlement patterns rather than from prejudicial laws

Redlining

When a lending institution such as a bank refuses to offer home loans on the basis of a neighborhoods racial or ethic makeup

Blockbusting

The practice of real estate agents persuading owners to sell property cheaply because of the fear of people of another ethnic or social group moving into the neighborhood and then profiting by reselling at a higher price

Zones of Abandoment

Areas that have been largely deserted due to lack of jobs, decline in land values, and falling demand

Filtering

The process of neighborhood change in which housing vacated by more affluent groups passes down the income scale to low-income groups

Inclusionary Zoning Laws

These laws create affordable housing by offering incentives for developers to set aside a minimum percentage of new housing construction to be allocated for low-income renters or buyers

Land tenure

The legal rights as defined by a society, associated with owning land

Eminent Domain

A governments right to take privately owned property for public use or interest

Environmental Injustice

Used to describe how communities of color and the poor are more likely to be exposed to environmental burdens such as air pollution or contaminated water

Urban Renewal

A term associated with the nationwide movement that developed in he U.S in the 1950’s and 1960’s when cities were given massive federal grants to tear down and tear down crumbling neighborhoods and former industrial zones as a way to rebuild their downtowns

Regional Planning

Planning conducted at a regional scale that seeks to coordinate the development of housing, transportation, and economic activities

Brownfields

Abandoned and polluted industrial sites in central cites and suburbs