The Rightly-Guided Caliphs and the Umayyad Caliphate

These flashcards cover important concepts, terms, and historical figures related to the Rightly-Guided Caliphs and the Umayyad Caliphate.

Al-Khulafā' al-Rashidūn

The Rightly-Guided Caliphs, significant leaders in early Islamic history.

Bay‘ah

A pledge of allegiance, given to leaders like Abu Bakr after the Prophet Muhammad's death.

Futuhat

Refers to 'the great conquests' under Caliph Umar, which included Syria, Iraq, and Egypt.

Caliphate

A form of Islamic government led by a caliph, considered a political and religious successor to Muhammad.

First Fitnah

The civil war that began with the killing of Caliph Uthmān, leading to major political strife.

Diwān

Islamic government departments established to manage various state affairs under Umar.

Kharijites

A group that broke away from Ali's followers, leading to significant conflict in early Islamic history.

Arabic as Official Language

The establishment of Arabic as the administrative language under the Umayyad Caliphate.

Dome of the Rock

An important Islamic shrine in Jerusalem, constructed under 'Abd al-Malik.

Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz

The 'Fifth Rightly-Guided Caliph,' known for his reforms and just rule.

Abdul-Raħmān ibn Mu‘āwiyah

The last Umayyad ruler who escaped to establish an Umayyad Caliphate in the Iberian Peninsula.