Brain Test

What is the brian composed of?

An abundance of neurons

What are the four major parts of the brain

1. Cerebrum

2. Cerebellum

3. Brain stem

4. Diencephalon

What happens in the cerebrum?

• nerve centers for motor and sensory function

• memory and reasoning (Largest part of the four)

What happens in the cerebellum?

• Coordination of voluntary muscular movements

• Equilibrium

What happens in the brain stem?

• Passageway for nerve tracts between the spinal cord and cerebrum

• Regulates visceral activities

What happens in the Diencephalon?

deep within the brain, above the brain stem, and consists of several structures

How many hemispheres does the cerebrum consist of?

2 cerebral hemispheres

What are the 2 cerebral hemispheres connected by?

corpus callosum (250,000,000 nerve fibers)

What are the ridges of cerebrum called?

Gyri

A shallow groove is called?

Sulcus

A deep groove is called?

Fissure

What divides the brain into lobes?

Sulei

What are the lobes of the cerebrum?

1. Frontal

2. Parietal

3. Occipital

4. Temporal

Where is the central sulcus located?

Posteriorly of the frontal and parietal

What are the functions of the frontal lobe?

• voluntary movements

• personality (phineas)

• some memory and speech

• smell (olfactory)

What are the functions of the parietal lobe?

• cutaneous sensory (heat, cold, pain, and touch)

• Taste

What is the function of the occipital lobe?

Vision center

Where is the located?

inferior to frontal and parietal lobe

What is the temporal lobe separated by?

Lateral sulcus

What is the function of the temporal lobe?

• hearing (auditory)

• Portions of speech and language

The cerebral cortex makes up which layer of the cerebrum?

Outer (2-4 mm thick)

What is the cerebral cortex composed of?

• Gray matter

• Billions of neuron cell bodies

Whats the function of the cerebral cortex?

• initiates every thought and voluntary action

What is begins and stored in the cerebral cortex?

• reasoning

• memory

• emotions

• intelligence

• personality

The cerebellum is composed of what?

two hemispheres

What is the cerebellum connected too?

• Cerebrum

• brain stem

• spinal cord

What connects the cerebellum?

Nerve fibers

Functions of the cerebellum?

• coordination of muscle action

• maintenance of posture and equilibrium

What does the brainstem connect to?

• cerebrum

• spinal cord

What does the brainstem include?

• Medulla oblongata

• Pons

• Midbrain or mesencephalon

Where is the medulla oblongata located?

enlarged upper portion of the spinal cord (1 inch)

What does the medulla oblongata contain?

4th ventricle where cerebrospinal fluid is made

Whats another name for cerebrospinal fluid?

Choroid plexus

What is the function of the medulla oblongata?

• heartrate

• respiration rate

• swallowing and vomiting reflexes

What connects the medulla oblongata with midbrain?

Pons

The Pons connects the cerebrum to cerebellum to do what?

regulate muscle movement

True or False: The pons helps medulla oblongata regulate breathing movements

True

Where is the Midbrain located?

Between pons and diencephalon

Function of the midbrain?

Controls eye movement/ eye reflexes

Where is the diencephalon located?

between the cerebral hemispheres and superior to midbrain

What does the diencephalon contain?

• Thalamus

• Hypothalamus

• Pineal Body

• Pituitary Gland

• Mammillary bodies

Function of the thalamus?

• Relay center for sensory impulses to the cortex

• (Motor impulses from basal ganglia and cerebellum to the cortex)

Functions of the hypothalamus?

• maintenance of body temperature

• appetite and thirst

• controls secretion of hormones

Function of the Pineal body?

releases hormone melatonin for sleeping

Function of pituitary gland?

regulates growth

Function of mammillary bodies?

interprets odors

What other brain structures are there?

Basal nuclei/ ganglia

What is the basal nuclei/ ganglia?

mass of gray matter in each cerebral hemisphere, the diencephalon and brainstem (midbrain)

Function of the basal nuclei/ ganglia?

helps with the coordination of body movements

Ventricles are interconnected cavities within what?

Cerebrum and brainstem

True or False: The ventricles is continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord

True

What does the ventricles contain and produce?

Cerebrospinal fluid by way of choroid plexus

Lateral ventricles are separated by?

Septum pellucidum

What system includes several areas of the brain?

Limbic system

True or False: The Limbic system is a primitive portion of the brain that is involved with emotion

True

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

12

Where are the cranial nerves located?

Arise form various locations on the underside of the brain