Chapter 1 Module 3 Chemical bonds and Intermolecular Forces

A bond is an ____________________ that allows the formation of chemical compounds

Attraction between atoms

Covalent bonds is a chemical bond that involves the ___________________________

Sharing of electron pairs between atoms

These electron pairs in covalent bonds are known as _____________ or __________

Shared pairs; bonding pairs

The stable balance of ___________ and _________ forces between atoms, when they share electrons is known as ________________

Attractive; repulsive; covalent bonding

Polarity in covalent bonds creates a ___________________ between the atoms, which causes a ________________ or an unequal distribution of __________

Difference in electronegativity; dipole moment; charge

There are two types of covalent bonds based upon the difference in _____________: _____________ and _____________

Electronegativity; polar bonds; non polar bonds

Polar covalent occurs when there is a _________________ between the atoms involved in the bond due to _____________________. The electrons are going to be pulled twice towards the more electronegative atom.

Difference in electronegativity; unequal sharing of electrons

Non polar covalent bond occurs when there is ____________ in electronegativity. This is characterized by ____________ of the electrons

No difference; equal sharing

Covalent bonds can be either:

Single bond, double bond, or triple bond

Single bond involves two atoms sharing a ______ pair of electrons. They are the ________ but ________ of the three covalent bonds.

Single; longest; weakest

Double bond involves two atoms sharing _____ pairs of electrons. They are _______ but ___________ a single bond

Two; shorter; stronger than

Triple bond involves two atoms sharing ______ pairs of electrons. They are the _____, yet the ____________ of the three covalent bonds. Therefore it will require MORE energy to break that bond

Three; shortest; strongest

DAT TIP: The triple bond is the shortest while single bond is the _________. The shorter the bond, the __________ the bond is.

Longest; stronger

Ionic bonds are chemical bonds in which one atoms _________________ an electron to another atom in order to ____________

Donates and transfers; create ions

Ionic bonds are formed between: ________ and ________, therefore there is a __________________ difference

Metal; nonmetal; large electronegativity

Electron donator is ________

Cation +

Electron acceptor is _______

Anion -

When comparing covalent bonds vs. ionic bonds- covalent bonds are _________ ionic bonds which means that covalent bonds have ________________________ than ionic bonds

Weaker than; lower melting and boiling points

When comparing covalent bonds vs. ionic bonds- Covalent bonds have _____________ in electronegativity than ionic bonds which leads to the _______________________ of electrons

Smaller differences; sharing instead of transfer

Intermolecular forces are the forces that exist _____________. These forces determine the physical properties of a substance such as its ____________ and __________

Between molecules; boiling point; melting point

There are three types of intermolecular forces:

Hydrogen bonding (strongest), Dipole-Dipole interaction, and London Dispersion Forces (van der waals forces) (weakest).

Hydrogen bonding is the ________ intermolecular force. Occurs between a hydrogen atom bonded to an ________________ and a ______ of electrons on a different electronegative atom on a separate molecule, namely oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine

Strongest; electronegative atom; lone pair

Dipole-dipole interaction exist when molecules with __________________ align forming an _____________

Permanent dipoles; electrostatic interaction

Molecules that contain dipoles are called _____________. Have ___________ and ___________ sides. Ex: hydrogen chloride (HCl) has a large permanent dipole meaning large difference in electronegativity.

Polar molecules; partial negative; partial positive

London dispersion forces (van der waals forces) is the __________ intermolecular forces and exist when a _________________________________, creating an induced dipole in an adjacent molecule. Not always have a dipole moment.

Weakest; temporary dipole forms in a non polar molecule

Unequal sharing is

Polar covalent bond (a polar bear will not share equally)

Equal sharing is

Non polar covalent bond

When 2 electrons are shared unequally in a chemical bond, the bond is ____________

Polar covalent

What causes a dipole-dipole interaction? When the _____________ charge on one atom of a polar molecule is __________ to the ______________ charge on one atom of a different polar molecule; causing a permanent dipole.

Partial positive; attracted; partial negative