Mus 17 Final Winter 2026

Kofi Agawu has recently argued that

In Africa, tonality is also a colonizing force

Willi Apel defines improvisation as performing music as

a mental process without recourse to memory aids

The term "hybridity" can be considered positive for avoiding

Hierarchy

The folk music from the United States is entirely indigenous and wiped away connections to English, Scottish, and Irish sources

False

Indian music is improvised, and the form is

slow-fast-slow

In the 1980s, MTV created a

universal pop aesthetic focused on Anglo-American music

The main evidence that the Roma are united in cultural origin comes from

their unique language

Folk music can be defined as

Oral songs from a rural area circulating freely

Folkloric and folk music

Are both nationalistic fantasies of the historical imagination—they are invented traditions

Listening itself is considered an art form in India

True

Professor North says that there are ___ types of gamelan

100s, impossible to know how many

African American music was highly prized by early folk music researchers because it was thought to be

not influenced by radio and modern popular music

Bringing together opposites (taiji) and the state of in-betweenness is significant for Chinese culture

True

The “Old Weird America” frames American folk music’s role in

the transition from rural to industrial

Ottoman musical culture is mainly

a shared one (cosmopolitan) between many different ethnic groups

The Soviet war effort’s use of “Katushka” illustrates

the conflation of patriotism and social realism

Ofra Haza’s desert video was a version of a Syrian children's song

False

Christian missionaries often encouraged African musical practices like drumming

False

“Un dia de Noviembre” was composed for

a Cuban film about a dying man

Douglas Ewart has children improvise to learn

how to participate intuitively in group music-making

The three ethnic sources of Latin American music are

Americano, Indigenous and African

Autonomous music is

Music presented as art without ties to social function

Latin America is

A cultural construct of the Spanish colonial period

Two models for the future of traditional music (Music at the Margins)

hybridity and popularization

In India, listening expertise in music can be part of

social capital

Sabah Fahri organizes concerts into

a suite (wasla) with multiple maqamat

Bob Dylan first became famous as a

Protest singer

Leo Brouwer was used to illustrate

the guitar as a world-wide cultural space for aesthetic cosmopolitanism

According to Derek Bailey, improvisation is found

in every known musical culture

Pierre Bourdieu argues upper classes show learning and prestige through

nostalgia of the past

The Turkish folk song “Ah Bir Ataş Ver” is associated with

a submarine tragedy

"Casey Jones" is based on

A real historical train crash

Entertainment music is tricky because

it hovers between autonomous and functional music

Confucianism is

the moral underpinning of Chinese society and music

In the early 20th century the Library of Congress sought to

collect folk music in the USA, especially in the South

The national instrument of Greece is the

bouzouki

The sitar is the main instrument of South Indian Carnatic musicFalse

Roma people are protected under EU law

True

Roma people only play one classical music style called “Romani”

False

Much Ottoman-era Greek and Turkish music took place in

cafés

Victor Jara's “Nueva Canción”

Championed the poor and oppressed

Malvinni’s equation I + V = E explains

how Roma communicate musically with audiences

The Lomaxes’ great discovery was

Huddie “Lead Belly” Ledbetter

Indian tala cycles back to beat

One

The most symbolically important gamelan instrument is

the big gong

The thesis of cultural imperialism states

music flows one-way from dominant to oppressed cultures

Tabla drum strokes

Generally known and form a language

An ethnomusicologist privileges

Culture

The functional theory of music studies songs as examples of

their purpose in a culture

Melody refers to

the tune that rises and falls