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Completed this medical course in Spain, conferred Licentiate in Medicine by Universidad Central de Madrid
Doctor
Chosen by his mother, a devotee of Christian saint San Jose (St. Joseph)
Jose
Derived from Gervacio P., from a Christian calendar
Protacio
Adopted in 1731, Spanish term mercado means market in English
Mercado
From Spanish word Ricial, meaning a field where wheat sprouts again
Rizal
Old surname of Rizal's mother
Alonzo
Means "and"
Y
Used by Doña Teodora from her godmother's surname
Realonda
Birthday
June 19, 1861
Parents
Don Francisco Mercado, born in Biñan, Laguna, and Doña Teodora Alonso Realonda, born in Manila
Rizal Children
Eleven children, two boys and nine girls, including Saturnina, Paciano, Narcisa, Olimpia, Lucia, Maria, Jose, Concepcion, Josefa, Trinidad, and Soledad
It trained students through rigid discipline and religious instructions, dividing them into internos and externos, with titles like Emperor and Tribune based on performance.
Jesuit System of Education
Ateneo Uniform
Consisted of hemp-fabric trousers and a striped cotton coat called rayadillo, worn by students during Rizal's time.
Father Jose Bech
Rizal's first professor at Ateneo, described as tall, thin, with a severe face, and small deep-sunken eyes.
Dr
A German scientist-traveler who visited the Philippines and wrote "Travels in the Philippines," impressing Rizal with keen observations on Spanish colonization.
Father Francisco de Paula Sanchez
A great educator and scholar who inspired Rizal to study harder and write poetry, described as a model of uprightness and love for his pupils.
Medical Studies at UST
Rizal transferred to the medical course at the University of Santo Tomas after finishing a year in Philosophy and Letters, despite opposition from his mother.
A La Juventud Filipina
A poem submitted by Rizal to the Literary Lyceum contest, urging Filipino youth to rise and break the chains binding the spirit of the people.
El Consejo de los Dioses
An allegorical drama by Rizal commemorating the death of Cervantes, winning him a gold ring engraved with Cervantes' bust.
Junto al Pasig
A zarzuela written by Rizal for the Ateneo's Feast Day, staged on December 8, 1880, as President of the Academy of Spanish Literature.
Vicenta Ybardolaza
A pretty colegiala skilled in playing the harp, whom Rizal was infatuated with in Pakil.
Turumba
Mentioned by Rizal in Noli Me Tangere, it refers to a procession in honor of the miraculous Birhen Maria de los Dolores where people dance in the streets.
Pagsanjan Falls
Rizal compared it to Niagara Falls in his travel diary, stating it was more beautiful and fine than the falls at Los Baños.
Compañerismo
Rizal founded a secret society of Filipino students at the University of Santo Tomas in 1880, emphasizing comradeship.
Companions of Jehu
Members of the secret society founded by Rizal, named after the valiant Hebrew general.
Galicano Apacible
Rizal's cousin from Batangas who served as the secretary of the secret society at the University of Santo Tomas.
UNHAPPY DAYS AT THE UST
Rizal's discontent at the University of Santo Tomas due to hostility from Dominican professors, racial discrimination against Filipino students, and outdated teaching methods.
El Filibusterismo
Rizal's novel where he described the humiliation of Filipino students by Dominican professors and criticized the backward teaching methods, particularly in the natural sciences.
Jose Mercado
Rizal's alias used during his travels, representing his cousin from Biñan.
Hotel de la Paz
The hotel in Singapore where Rizal stayed for two days during his travels, a colony of England.
Las Ramblas
The most famous street in Barcelona, where Rizal had his first impression of the city.
Amor Patrio
Rizal's nationalistic essay, his first article written in Spain under the pen-name Laong Laan, published in Diariong Tagalog.
Lodge Solidaridad
The Masonic lodge in Madrid where Rizal transferred and became a Master Mason, aiming to secure Freemasonry's aid in his fight against the friars in the Philippines.
Science, Virtue and Labor
Rizal's Masonic writing, a lecture delivered in 1889 at Lodge Solidaridad, emphasizing these values.
Dr
The professor whose address at the Central University sparked student demonstrations in Madrid in 1884, leading to bloody riots.
Ophthalmology Specialization
Rizal went to Paris and Germany to specialize in ophthalmology to cure his mother's eye ailment.
Maximo Viola
A medical student and friend of Rizal from San Miguel, Bulacan, who supported him financially.
Dr
Leading French ophthalmologist where Rizal worked as an assistant in Paris.
The Death of Cleopatra
Painting where Rizal posed as an Egyptian priest for Juan Luna.
University Eye Hospital
Institution in Heidelberg where Rizal worked with Dr. Otto Becker.
A Las Flores de Heidelberg
Poem written by Rizal in Heidelberg about blooming flowers.
Tagalog Metrical Art
Scholarly paper written by Rizal in German and presented in Berlin.
Noli Me Tangere
Rizal's novel published in Berlin in 1887 depicting the miseries of his people.
Maria Clara
Character in Noli Me Tangere based on Leonor Rivera, Rizal's love interest.
Rizal's Grand Tour
Rizal's journey with Viola in 1887, leaving Berlin to explore Europe.
Leitmeritz
The town in Bohemia where Rizal and Blumentritt met for the first time during his European travel.
Burgomaster
The title given to the town mayor in Leitmeritz where Rizal stayed for a few days.
Vienna
The capital of Austria-Hungary where Rizal and Viola arrived on May 20, 1887, and stayed at Hotel Metropole.
Danubian Voyage to Lintz
Rizal and Viola's journey on a river boat to see the sights of the Danube River, where Rizal noticed the use of paper napkins during meals.
Geneva
The Swiss city where Rizal treated Viola to a celebration on his 26th birthday before they parted ways on June 23, 1887.
Rome
The Eternal City where Rizal arrived on June 27, 1887, and visited the Vatican on the Feast Day of St. Peter and St. Paul.
Storm over the Noli
The controversy surrounding Rizal's novel "Noli Me Tangere" in the Philippines, leading to accusations and criticisms from various individuals and groups.
Farewell to Calamba
Rizal's departure from Calamba in 1888 due to safety concerns for his family and the need to fight his enemies more effectively from abroad.
Himno Al Trabajo
A poem written by Rizal dedicated to the hardworking people of Lipa before his departure from Calamba in 1888.
Romantic Interlude in Japan
Rizal's joyful stay in Japan from February 28 to April 13, 1888, considered one of the happiest times in his life.
Tokyo Hotel
A hotel in Tokyo where Rizal stayed from March 2 to March 7, 1888.
Juan Perez Caballero
Secretary of the Spanish Legation who invited Rizal to live at the Spanish Legation for economic reasons and to avoid Spanish authorities.
Impressions of Japan
Rizal was impressed by Japan's beauty, cleanliness, politeness, lack of thieves, and beggars.
Rickshaws
Popular mode of transportation in Japan drawn by men that Rizal did not like.
Tetcho Suehiro
A Japanese journalist and human rights champion whom Rizal befriended on board the Belgic.
Asociacion La Solidaridad
A patriotic society inaugurated on December 31, 1888, with Rizal as honorary president.
La Solidaridad Newspaper
A fortnightly periodical founded by Graciano Lopez Jaena in Barcelona, serving as the organ of the Propaganda Movement.
Los Agricultores Filipinos
Rizal's first article in La Solidaridad, published on March 25, 1889, after leaving London for Paris.
Letter to the Young Women of Malolos
A famous letter by Rizal praising the courage of young ladies in Malolos to establish a school against opposition.
La Vision del Fray Rodriguez
A pamphlet by Rizal under the pseudonym Dimas Alang defending his novel against Fray Rodriguez's attacks.
Specimens of Tagal Folklore
Articles prepared by Rizal for a journal devoted to Asian studies, published in May 1889.
Two Eastern Fables
Articles prepared by Rizal for a journal devoted to Asian studies, published in June 1889.
Valentin Ventura
Rizal's friend in Paris where he lived and worked on his annotated edition of Morga's book.
Bibliotheque Nationale
The National Library in Paris where Rizal spent most of his time checking his historical annotations on Morga's book.
Pardo de Taveras
Dr. Trinidad, Dr. Felix, and Paz, friends of Rizal in Paris.
Indios Bravos
Society founded by Rizal to excel in intellectual and physical prowess, replacing the Kidlat Club.
R.D.L.M
Mysterious society founded by Rizal in Paris during the Universal Exposition of 1889, aiming for the redemption of the Malay race.
Annotated Edition of Morga
Rizal's outstanding achievement in Paris, published in 1890, dedicated to the Filipino people.
The Indolence of the Filipinos
Rizal's essay defending Filipinos against the alleged indolence during the Spanish regime.
International Association of Filipinologists
Association proposed by Rizal to establish during the Universal Exposition in 1889 in Paris.
Project for Filipino College in Hong Kong
Rizal's plan to establish a modern college in Hong Kong.
Por Telefono
Satirical work by Rizal in response to Fr. Salvador Font, published in Barcelona in 1889.
Sobre la Nueva Ortografia de la Lengua Tagala
Rizal's article advocating the Filipinization of Tagalog orthography, published in La Solidaridad in 1890.
To my Muse (A Mi…)
Pathetic poem written by Rizal in 1890 during his mental anguish in Brussels.
El Resumen
Madrid newspaper sympathizing with the Filipino cause.
La Epoca
Anti-Filipino newspaper in Madrid.
Rizalistas and Pilaristas
Two hostile camps that emerged due to rivalry between Rizal and M.H. del Pilar in 1890.
Biarritz Vacation
Rizal's vacation in Biarritz in 1891 to seek solace for his disappointments in Madrid.
El Filibusterismo
Rizal's second novel, completed in 1891, more revolutionary and tragic than Noli Me Tangere.
Valentin Ventura
Provided funds to resume printing of El Filibusterismo when Rizal faced financial difficulties.
La Publicidad
Barcelona newspaper that praised El Filibusterismo's original style, comparing it to Alexander Dumas' work.
Makamisa
Unfinished novel in Tagalog by Rizal, written in a light sarcastic style.
Dr
Portuguese physician who admired Rizal's ophthalmic surgery skills and helped him build a clientele.
Borneo Colonization Project
Rizal's plan to establish a Filipino colony in North Borneo (Sabah) to create a "New Calamba."
Governor Eulogio Despujol
New governor general after Weyler, who denied approval for Filipino immigration to Borneo.
Ang Mga Karapatan Nang Tao
Tagalog translation of The Rights of Man, a proclamation by the French Revolution, by Rizal.
Constitution of La Liga Filipina
Important writing by Rizal in Hong Kong, printed in 1892, advocating for reforms in the Philippines.
La Liga Filipina
A civic league of Filipinos established by Jose Rizal in Manila with the aim of promoting socio-economic development and unity among the Filipino people.
Eduardo de Lete's Attack
An incriminatory article published in La Solidaridad on April 15, 1892, portraying Rizal as cowardly, egoistic, and opportunistic, which led to Rizal's efforts to disprove these accusations.
Second Homecoming
Jose Rizal's return to Manila in June 1892, signifying his belief that the fight for Filipino liberties should be carried out in the Philippines rather than in Spain.
Exile in Dapitan
Rizal's four-year period of exile in Dapitan from 1892 to 1896, during which he engaged in various activities such as practicing medicine, scientific studies, educational endeavors, and community projects.
Liga Filipina's Duties
Responsibilities of Liga members included obeying the Supreme Council, recruiting new members, maintaining secrecy, adopting a symbolic name, reporting relevant information, behaving as good citizens, and assisting fellow members.
Rizal's Contributions in Dapitan
Rizal's activities during his exile in Dapitan included practicing medicine, conducting scientific studies, engaging in linguistic pursuits, teaching at a school, and contributing to the community through various projects.
Rizal's Linguistic Studies
During his exile, Rizal learned several languages including Bisayan, Subanum, and Malay, making him proficient in a total of 22 languages, showcasing his linguistic prowess.
Rizal's Artistic Works
Rizal continued his artistic endeavors in Dapitan, creating sculptures and sketches, such as "The Mother's Revenge" statuette and various busts and carvings, reflecting his artistic talents and interests.
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