Studied by 0 people
Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.
Carries instructions for making proteins
mRNA
DNA nucleotides help together by bonds between these
Phosphate group, and sugars
Complementary to adenine in DNA
Thymine
Not found in RNA
deoxyribose, and thymine
Complementary to guanine
Cytosine
Produced during transcription
mRNA
Actual codes for proteins
exons
Removed from pre-mRNA
introns
Sugar in RNA
ribose
Different in nucleotides
phosphate group, nitrogen bases, and sugars
2 DNA strands help. together by bonds between these
nitrogen bases
Produced during translation
protein
Sequence of nucleotides which codes for a protein
gene
Where proteins are manufactured in a cell
ribosomes
Composition of a nucleotide
nitrogen bases, phosphate group, and deoxyribose
Sugar in DNA
deoxyribose
Different in DNA and RNA
sugars, and nitrogen bases
More than 2 sets of chromosomes
polyploidy
Carries amino acids
tRNA
Determines an animals body plan
Hox genes
What was the role of Watson?
He built the 3D model of DNA and it's structure
What was the role of Franklin?
Used x-ray diffraction to get more info about DNA. That photo is known as photo 51
What was the role of Chargaff
Found base pairing
What was the role of Crick
Built the 3D model of DNA and its structure, Watsons partner
Double Helix
Structure of DNA with two intertwined strands.
Replication Forks
Sites where DNA separation and replication occur.
Semi-Conservative Replication
Each DNA strand contains one old and one new strand.
DNA Helicase
Enzyme that unwinds the DNA double helix.
DNA Polymerase
Enzyme that synthesizes new DNA strands.
Okazaki Fragments
Short DNA segments formed on the lagging strand.
Telomeres
Protective DNA caps at chromosome ends.
Telomerase
Enzyme that extends telomeres in germ cells.
RNA
Single-stranded nucleic acid involved in protein synthesis.
mRNA
Carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes.
tRNA
Transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis.
rRNA
Structural component of ribosomes.
Transcription
Process of copying DNA into mRNA.
Promoter
DNA sequence where transcription begins.
Introns
Non-coding regions removed from pre-mRNA.
Exons
Coding regions that are spliced together in mRNA.
Codons
Sets of three nucleotides coding for amino acids.
Translation
Decoding mRNA into a polypeptide chain.
Stop Codon
Signals termination of protein synthesis.
Mutations
Changes in genetic material that can affect traits.
Gene Mutations
Alterations in a single gene's DNA sequence.
Chromosomal Mutations
Changes in chromosome structure or number.
Mutagens
Agents that cause changes in DNA.
Hox Genes
Regulatory genes determining body plan during development.
Frameshift Mutation
Insertion or deletion that alters the reading frame.
Duplication
Extra copies of parts of a chromosome.
Translocation
Segment of one chromosome attaches to another.
the instructions for rRNA and tRNA are found in
the nucleolus
types of rna in protein synthesis are
mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA
how many bases are needed to specify 3 amino acids
9
Genes contain instructions for assembling
proteins
silent mutation
substitution that leads to the same amino acid
missense mutation
one base is changed to another (ex: substitution)
nonesense
changes amino acid to stop codon
Deletion
involves the loss of all or part of a chromosome
duplication
produces extra copies of parts of chromosokmes(polyploidy)
inversion
parts of chromosomes are flipped
translocation
when a piece of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to a different chromosome.
Note 
Flashcard (127)