Cell structure- ultrastructure of eukaryotic cells

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Cell structures + functions

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14 Terms

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Cell surface membrane

Regulates the passage of substances
Forms a protective barrier

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Cytoplasm

Provides a medium for cellular processes

contains enzymes for metabolic reactions

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Nucleus

The control centre 
stores genome

transmits genetic info

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Nucleolus

Where ribosomes are made

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Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Intracellular transport system 

cisternae form channels for transporting substances from one area of the cell to another

provides a large surface area for ribosomes

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Ribosomes

Synthesises proteins that will be exported outside the cell

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Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Contains enzymes that catalyse reactions involved with lipid metabolism

Synthesis of cholesterol/lipids/steroid hormones

involved with absorbtion synthesis

transports lipids from gut 

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Vesicle

Act as a packet for transporting substances like lipids and proteins within the cell

can be secretary

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Golgi apparatus

Proteins are modified and packaged

adding sugar - glycoproteins

adding lipid - lipoproteins

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Lysosomes

can engulf old organelles and invading pathogens, using its hydrolytic enzymes

digests and returns components for reuse by cell

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Centrioles

Hollow cylinders containing microtubules arranged at right angles to each other

forms spindle fibres in cell division

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Cytoskeleton

Provides mechanical strength and aids with transport within cells, enabling cell movement

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Chloroplasts

Site of photosynthesis

where light energy is converted into chemical energy

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Permanent vacuole

Stores water, ions and nutrients

maintains cell turgor pressure for support

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