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Cell surface membrane
Regulates the passage of substances
Forms a protective barrier
Cytoplasm
Provides a medium for cellular processes
contains enzymes for metabolic reactions
Nucleus
The control centre
stores genome
transmits genetic info
Nucleolus
Where ribosomes are made
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Intracellular transport system
cisternae form channels for transporting substances from one area of the cell to another
provides a large surface area for ribosomes
Ribosomes
Synthesises proteins that will be exported outside the cell
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Contains enzymes that catalyse reactions involved with lipid metabolism
Synthesis of cholesterol/lipids/steroid hormones
involved with absorbtion synthesis
transports lipids from gut
Vesicle
Act as a packet for transporting substances like lipids and proteins within the cell
can be secretary
Golgi apparatus
Proteins are modified and packaged
adding sugar - glycoproteins
adding lipid - lipoproteins
Lysosomes
can engulf old organelles and invading pathogens, using its hydrolytic enzymes
digests and returns components for reuse by cell
Centrioles
Hollow cylinders containing microtubules arranged at right angles to each other
forms spindle fibres in cell division
Cytoskeleton
Provides mechanical strength and aids with transport within cells, enabling cell movement
Chloroplasts
Site of photosynthesis
where light energy is converted into chemical energy
Permanent vacuole
Stores water, ions and nutrients
maintains cell turgor pressure for support