Post-Classical Period Review

Muhammed

Prophet of Islam

Arabic

Language of Islam

1. swear allegiance

2. pray 5 times a day

3. alms/giving to charity

4. Ramadan

5. Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca)

merchants

Islam’s main method of diffusion

Abbasid

theocratic government based on Islam, empire in the Middle East

Islam

Religion of Caliphates

theocracy

government based on religion (eg- caliphates)

paper money, banking systems/houses

economic technology developments of the Abbasid caliphate

decentralized

#1 key word to describe feudalism is….

lateen sails, Chinese junks, astrolabe, compass

new technology in Indian Ocean Trade

silk, porcelain, spices, gems, slaves, BULK goods

luxury goods in Indian Ocean Trade

mostly Islam, some Hinduism

major religions spread in Indian Ocean Trade

Zanzibar, Kilwa, Calicut, Melaka

major cities along Indian Ocean Trade

saddles, camel caravans, caravanserai

new technology from Trans-Saharan Trade

gold and salt

luxury goods traded in Trans-Saharan Trade

Islam

main religion spread through Trans-Saharan Trade

Timbuktu

major city in Trans-Saharan Trade

neo-confucianism

syncretic mix of Confucianism and Buddhism in Tang/Song Empire

gunpowder

major tech developed by Tang/Song Empire

corvee labor

Tang/Song empire labor system- when you are not farming, go work on public works projects like the grand canal and great wall

Civil Service Exam

test to work in government and not be a farmer, based on Confucianism, costs money

Swahili

syncretic language, combination of Arabic and Bantu languages

Trans-Saharan Trade

main trade route in Mali Empire

Mansa Musa

major leader of Mali Empire

gold and salt

major luxury goods from Mali Empire

Islam

major religion in Mali Empire

Islam and Christianity

the two opposing sides in the Crusades (religions)

land

what were they fighting over during the Crusades?

Renaissance

the Crusades led directly to the European _________________

Genghis Khan

main Mongol leader

tolerant of other religions as long as you pay taxes and follow Mongol law

Mongol view toward religion:

revitalized trade, increases safety of Silk Roads

Mongol effect on Silk Roads

Pax Mongolica

period of relative peace and stability across the Mongol Empire, which facilitated trade and cultural exchange

violent takeover, understanding rulers

what was the Mongol’s method of dominance?

Yassa law codes

Mongolian legal code established by Genghis Khan- all citizens must follow the rules and pay taxes or else

safer trade, religious freedom, Pax Mongolica

positive effects of Mongols

violent takeover, no self-government

negative effects of Mongols

split into Khanates, those Khanates started fighting each other

what caused the fall of the Mongol Empire?

Ottomans

most famous Turks, defeated Byzantine with gunpowder (more to come)

Mexico

Aztecs were located in modern-day…

Tenochtitlan

Major Aztec city

365 day calendar, human sacrifice, tribute system, tariffs

Aztecs were known for….

Aztec tribute system

system where conquered peoples were required to pay tribute in goods, such as food, textiles, and precious materials, to the Aztec Empire

Peru (Andes Mountains)

Inca Empire was located in modern day…

Machu Picchu

major Inca city

mita system

INCA EMPIRE- when you are not farming go do public works projects like roads and bridges

Marco Polo

explorer from Italy, travelled Silk Roads, brought lots of Asian commodities back to Europe, encouraged increased trade with Asia

Ibn Battuta

explorer from Morocco who travelled the Islamic world and documented Islam around the world- criticized syncretism

Xuanzang

explorer from China, explored India, found original Buddhist texts and brought them back to China, contributed to rise of neo-Confucianism

Renaissance

period of cultural revival and renewed interest in art, literature, and learning in Europe, typically starting in the 14th century and lasting into the 17th century

humanism

belief in self, human worth, and individual dignity - major component of the Renaissance