SLHS2203: anatomy of articulation and resonance

articulation

thee ability for two structures to contact one another for the shaping of speech sounds; modifies sounds produced by the larynx

phonemes

speech sounds

resonance

the way sound energy travels through the vocal tract; shaped by the oral, nasal, and pharyngeal cavities; cavities shape sound coming from the source

structures of the oral cavity

tongue, hard palate, velum (soft palate)

active articulators

can move; tongue, mandible, velum

passive articulators

fixed position; alveolar ridge, hard palate, teeth

mandible

largest bone within the human skull; holds the lower teeth

maxillae

paired bones forming the upper jaw; boundary between

cleft palate

occurs between premaxillae sutures; unilateral or bilateral

hard palate

roof of the mouth; anterior 2/3 is the maxillae; posterior 1/3 is the palatine bones

nasal septum

formed by the vomer, perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone, and cartilaginous septum

teeth

adults typically have 8 incisors, 4 canines, 8 pre-molars, and 12 molars

class I occlusion

normal bite

class II malocclusion

mandible is pushed back

class III malocclusion

mandible is pushed forward

orbicularis oris inferior

elevates upper lip

orbicularis oris superior

pulls lower lip down

risorious

retracts lips

levator labii superioris

elevates upper lip

depressor labii inferioris

pulls lips down and out

zygomaticus major

elevates and retracts lips

zygomaticus minor

elevates upper lip

depressor anguli oris

compresses lips together

levator anguli oris

draws corners of mouth up and medially

mentalis

projects lower lip outwards

facial nerve

innervates facial muscles

superior longitudinal

elevates, retracts, deviates tongue tip

inferior longitudinal

depresses tongue tip, retracts, deviates tongue

transverse muscle

narrows tongue

vertical muscles

flattens tongue

hypoglossal nerve

innervates all intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the mouth except palatoglossus muscle

genioglossus

retracts, protrudes, and depresses tongue

hyoglossus

pulls tongue sides down

styloglossus

moves tongue back and up

chondroglossus

depresses tongue

palatoglossus

elevates tongue; depresses velum

vagus nerve

innervates the palatoglossus

levator veli palantini

elevates and retracts posterior velum

uvulae

shortens soft palate

palatopharyngeus

narrows pharynx; lowers soft palate

vagus and accessory nerves

innervates the muscles of the velum