RESP 120 Chapter 10

What is the normal arterial blood pH range?

7.35–7.44

What pH value indicates acidemia?

< 7.35

What pH value indicates alkalemia?

> 7.44

What is the normal PaCO2 range?

35–45 mmHg

PaCO2 acts as what type of acid–base component?

Respiratory acid

What PaCO2 value is acidic?

> 45 mmHg

What PaCO2 value is alkalotic?

< 35 mmHg

What is the normal HCO3 range?

22–26 mEq/L

HCO3 acts as what type of acid–base component?

Metabolic base

What HCO₃⁻ value indicates metabolic acidosis?

< 22 mEq/L

What HCO₃⁻ value indicates metabolic alkalosis?

> 26 mEq/L

What is the normal base excess (BE) range?

−2 to +2 mEq/L

What does a negative base excess indicate?

Metabolic acidosis

What does a positive base excess indicate?

Metabolic alkalosis

What ABG pattern defines respiratory acidosis?

↓ pH, ↑ PaCO2, normal HCO3 (initially)

What ABG pattern defines respiratory alkalosis?

↑ pH, ↓ PaCO2, normal HCO3 (initially)

What ABG pattern defines metabolic acidosis?

↓ pH, ↓ HCO3, normal PaCO2 (initially)

What ABG pattern defines metabolic alkalosis?

↑ pH, ↑ HCO3, normal PaCO2 (initially)

What defines partial compensation?

pH abnormal with both PaCO2 and HCO3 shifted in the same direction

What defines full compensation?

pH normal with PaCO2 and HCO3 both abnormal

What PaO2 range is considered normal oxygenation?

80–100 mmHg

What SaO2 range is considered normal?

95–100%

What PaO2 indicates severe hypoxemia?

< 40 mmHg

What SaO2 indicates severe hypoxemia?

< 75%

What is the Henderson–Hasselbalch equation?

pH = 6.1 + log(HCO3 / (0.03 × PaCO2))

What is the normal HCO3 : PaCO2 ratio?

20 : 1