mode, mean, median

Which measure of central tendency is most affected by extreme values in a dataset?

The arithmetic mean, because it includes all values in the calculation

Which measure of central tendency is most appropriate for a highly skewed distribution?

The median because it is not influenced by extreme values

What does the range of a dataset measure?

The difference between the highest and lowest values

What information does the standard deviation provide?

The typical distance of values from the mean

Which measure represents the average of squared deviations from the mean?

Variance

What is a scatterplot mainly used to display?

The relationship between two quantitative variables

Which graphical display is best used to show changes in data over time?

A line graph showing trends over time

Which graphic presentation is most appropriate for comparing different categories?

A bar chart displaying category comparisons

What is the main purpose of a stem-and-leaf plot?

To display the distribution of numerical data while keeping the original values

Which measure of variability is expressed in the same units as the original data?

standard deviation

Why is the median sometimes preferred over the mean?

The median is sometimes preferred over the mean when the data are skewed or contain extreme values. This is because the median is not affected by outliers and better represents the central position of the dataset.

What information does variance provide about a dataset?

Variance provides information about how spread out the data values are by measuring the average of the squared deviations from the mean. A larger variance indicates greater variability in the dataset.

What is the difference between the mean and the median?

The mean is calculated by adding all values and dividing by the number of observations, while the median is the middle value when the data are arranged in order. The mean is affected by extreme values, whereas the median is more resistant to outliers.

What does standard deviation tell us about a set of data?

Standard deviation tells us how much the data values typically differ from the mean. A higher standard deviation indicates that the data are more spread out.

Name one type of graph that is suitable for displaying data over time and explain why it is appropriate.

A line graph is suitable for displaying data over time because it shows trends and patterns clearly by connecting data points across time intervals.