Neuroscience and Sensory Systems: Key Concepts for Students

The glial cell that provides structural support and organization to the CNS is the

astrocyte

The glossy-white appearance of most axons is due to

the high lipid content of the myelin sheath

The brain region that exerts significant control over the endocrine system is the

hypothalamus

Which type of innervation causes reduced blood flow to the digestive tract

sympathetic

The lateral sulcus is superior to the

temporal lobe

A flattened lens

is necessary for distant vision

The _________ of a sound stimulus is interpreted as its pitch and measured in hertz, whereas its _________ is the amplitude of the sound waves and is measured in decibels

frequency; loudness

The glial cell with perivascular feet that wrap around capillaries in the CNS is the

astrocyte

What is the correct chronological sequence of events for hearing

tympanic membrane vibrates → ossicles vibrate → pressure waves move through scala vestibuli → hair cells convert stimulus to nerve impulse

Which division of the nervous system shows a greater capacity for regeneration

PNS

The glial cell that defends the body against pathogens is the

microglial cell

The cerebral cortex consists of_________ matter

gray

This portion of the brain ensures that skeletal muscle contraction follows the correct pattern leading to smooth coordinated movements

cerebellum

Where would you find the protein crystallin

in the lens

Lobes of the brain are named for the bones that protect them and these lobes are part of the

cerebrum

Which part of the neuron contains the nucleus

cell body

Which space associated with the spinal cord meninges contains cerebrospinal fluid

subarachnoid space

This portion of the brain secretes the hormone melatonin which helps regulate circadian rhythm,

pineal gland

The primary function of eyebrows is to

prevent sweat from dripping into the open eye

An electroencephalogram measures

electrical activity in the brain

Which portion of the brain is posterior to the fourth ventricle

cerebellum

What do all glial cells have in common

they assist neurons in their respective functions

The largest and longest nerve in the body is the_________ nerve

sciatic

What is the correct order for the parts of the spinal cord from superior to inferior

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal

Conductive activity in a neuron generally causes it to secrete

a specific neurotransmitter that either excites or inhibits its target

The glial cell that helps form the blood-brain barrier is the

astrocyte

The portion of the nervous system that has voluntary control over skeletal muscles is the_________ division

somatic motor

Sharp color vision is a result of the function of

cones

The location of conscious thought processes and the origin of complex intellectual functions is the

cerebrum

The_________ nervous system contains_________which consist of axons bundled together, as well as_________, which are clusters of neuron cell bodies

peripheral; nerves; ganglia

What part of the retina is responsible for the sharpest vision

fovea centralis

Which choice correctly orders the connective tissue wrappings of a nerve beginning at the outermost layer

epineurium → perineurium → endoneurium

Which portion of the brain adjusts skeletal muscle activity to maintain equilibrium and posture

cerebellum

What part of the retina lacks photoreceptors

optic disc

Stepping on a piece of glass would most likely invoke a_________ reflex

withdrawal

Conscious awareness of incoming sensory information is called

sensation

After being funneled by the auricle

sound waves pass through the, external acoustic meatus → tympanic membrane → ossicles → oval window

Which of the following is false regarding acetylcholine

it is rarely used in the body

Which is not a function of cerebrospinal fluid

promotion of mitosis within neuronal tissue

The shallow depressions between folds on the surface of the brain are called

sulci

The lens of the eye flattens when

ciliary muscles relax

The centers for cardiac

digestive, and vasomotor functions are housed within the, brainstem

Metabolism is the sum of

anabolism and catabolism

Negative feedback loops are

homeostatic

The ability to maintain internal stability is called

homeostasis

An_________ is composed of two or more tissue types whereas_________ are microscopic structures in a cell,

organ; organelles

Which plane divides the body into anterior and posterior portions

frontal

The vertebral column encloses the

vertebral canal

A negative feedback mechanism contains

a receptor, an integration center, and an effector

The two types of cells that make up the nervous system are

neurons and glial cells