Forked Diagrams, Probability, and Other Topics

Week 6: Monday, September 29th: Forked Diagrams; Probability; Trihybrid Maps

_______ show the probability of decomposed genes based on Mendelian outcomes

forked-line diagrams

when solving probability with the _______, multiply the probability outcomes of each event (P(AbBb)

product rule

when solving probability with the _______, add up the probability outcomes of each event (P(AaBB) or P (AaBb)

sum rule

_______ is when many genes code for one trait, which is caused by additive effects

polygenic

_______ is when gene strength depends on the number of allele copies you inherit

dosage dependent

_______ is when many traits are influenced by one gene

pleiotropic

traits can be _______ (quanititative; height) or _______ (qualitative; Mendel’speas, which were either yellow or greem/smooth or wrinkled

continuous, discrete

_______ is when a heterozygoe is intermediate; a “blend” of both parents; returns a 1:4:6:4:1 ratio

incomplete/semi/partial dominance

_______ is when a herterozygote has an advantage over either homozygote condition

overdominance

_______ is when a double recessive and heterozygote both have a different LOF due to the recessive allele and issue of the dimer shape

dominant negative (1:2:1)

_______ is when one gene’s dominant allele overrides another

dominant epistasis (12:3:1)

_______ is when one gene’s recessive allele overrides another

recessive epistasis (9:3:4)

_______ is when an allele is copied to replace a damaged one in a homologous; 100% inheritance

gene conversion

_______ cause death, and are commonly recessive disorders

lethal alleles

_______ lethal alleles causes death in utero, or slow progression so the affected individual still has time to reproduce

dominant

_______ lethal alleles requires certain dondiitons ot invoke lethality (e.g, favism or temperature-sensitive)

conditional

_______ is a temperature-sensitive condition of conditional lethal alleles where the wildtype phenotype prevails at mild temperatures

permissive temperature

_______ is a temperature-sensitive condition of conditional lethal alleles where the mutant phenotype occurs at high temperatures

restrictive temperature

_______ lethal alleles require multiple mutant alleles for lethality

synthetic

_______ lethal alleles are only lethal to cetain members of afflicted (60:40)

sublethal

_______ is the degree of phenotype expression

expressivity

_______ is how often a condition appears in a group; regardless of inheritance

penetrance