Statistical Approaches in Data Analysis

These flashcards cover key terms and definitions related to statistical approaches discussed in the lecture, aimed at helping students understand the application of various statistical tests.

Statistical Test

A method used to determine if there is a significant difference between groups, based on data analysis.

Independent Samples

Groups that are composed of different individuals, meaning that one group's data does not influence the other's.

Paired T-Test

A statistical test used when comparing two related groups, where the same subjects are in both groups.

Linear Regression

A statistical method used to model the relationship between two continuous variables, predicting one from the other.

ANOVA (Analysis of Variance)

A statistical test used to compare means across three or more groups to determine if at least one group mean is different.

R-Squared

A statistical measure that represents the proportion of variance for a dependent variable that's explained by an independent variable or variables.

Categorical Variable

A variable that can take on one of a limited, and usually fixed, number of possible values, assigning to each individual or other unit of observation.

Continuous Variable

A variable that can take an infinite number of values within a given range, often used in statistical tests that analyze measurements.

P-Value

A statistical measure that helps scientists determine the significance of their research results; a lower p-value indicates strong evidence against the null hypothesis.

Hypothetical Study

An imagined or theoretical example used to explain concepts or test understanding of statistical methods while avoiding actual data or experiments.