Levine A Brief History of Children's Mental Health Services

Flashcards covering key concepts from the lecture on the history and development of children's mental health services, including policy acts, major reports, funding shifts, school-based services, child protection, foster care, and prevention.

What 1961 report prompted federal action on mental health and led to the 1963 Community Mental Health Act?

The Joint Commission on Mental Health and Illness report (1961).

What major policy shift did the Community Mental Health Act of 1963 promote?

Deinstitutionalization and a shift from hospital-based to community-based care.

What problem did school-based epidemiological surveys reveal about children under 14?

7%–12% had mental health problems severe enough to require professional help.

When was the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) established and what was its purpose?

1949; created to support research, training, and service, and to provide training grants to universities and clinical centers.

What were the findings of the 1969 Joint Commission on the Mental Health of Children?

Services were grossly inadequate, poorly coordinated, and limited in scope.

What change occurred in 1980 regarding funding for children's mental health services?

NIMH funds were converted into block grants with no strings attached; few states had specific mandates for children.

What is the Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975 now known as?

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA).

As of 2015, how many youth aged 3–21 receive special education services and what percent of students does this represent?

6.4 million youths; about 13% of all public school students.

What proportion of youth served under IDEA spend 80% or more of their time in regular classrooms?

61%.

What is 'wraparound' in school-based mental health services?

A care plan involving collaboration across many services (respite, crisis services, in-home services, tutoring, etc.).

Who was Henry Kempe and what syndrome did his work identify?

Henry Kempe identified the battered child syndrome and helped spur mandatory reporting laws.

What was the primary early intervention approach of child protection services in the U.S.?

Removal of children from their homes and placement in institutions; limited authority to require participation.

What does the Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997 (ASFA) aim to promote?

Timely adoption and permanency for children in foster care.

What is the estimated frequency of psychiatric disorder among children in foster care?

Probably over 20%.

What is the difference between status offenders and regular juvenile delinquents?

Status offenders commit acts that are offenses only because of youth status (e.g., running away, truancy); regular delinquents commit offenses that are offenses regardless of age.

Approximately how many status offense arrests occurred in 2004?

About 400,000.

What are the challenges of funding school-based mental health programs?

Health insurance fee-for-service is often insufficient; wraparound requires cross-agency collaboration and overcoming bureaucratic and funding obstacles.

What policy was highlighted as the most effective macro-level approach to improving children's mental health?

Full employment at adequate wages to enable parents to care for their children.

What model is suggested as a preventive framework, akin to historic settlement houses?

An updated settlement house model connected to community centers with universal access.

Which set of reports in 1983, 1990, and 2001 arrived with similar conclusions about child services?

Reports by national bodies on the needs for services for children and adolescents; similar findings across years.