T1

Exclusion of women and non-Whites

Refers to the historical practice of marginalizing and discriminating against individuals based on their gender or race, as highlighted by scholars like Dubois, Addams, and Martineau.

Functionalism, Conflict Theory, Symbolic Interactionism, Feminism, Exchange Theory

These are different sociological perspectives used to analyze society, including how it functions, the conflicts within it, the interactions between individuals, the role of gender equality, and the exchange of resources.

Manifest and latent functions

Coined by Merton, manifest functions are intended and recognized outcomes of social processes, while latent functions are unintended and often hidden consequences.

Ethnomethodology

A sociological approach that studies how people make sense of their social world through everyday interactions and practices.

Dramaturgical approach

A perspective that views social interactions as performances on a stage, where individuals play roles to convey specific impressions to others.

Definition of the situation

Refers to how individuals interpret and define a social situation, influencing their behavior and interactions within that context.

5 Methods of Data Collection (Survey, Observation, Interview, Secondary Analysis, Experiment)

Various techniques used in sociology to gather information, each with its advantages and disadvantages in terms of data quality and depth of understanding.

Mean Median Mode

Statistical measures used to describe the central tendency of a data set, including the average (mean), the middle value (median), and the most frequent value (mode).

Hypothesis

A testable statement or prediction about the relationship between variables, often used in research to guide investigations and draw conclusions.

Independent and Dependent Variables

In research, the independent variable is manipulated to observe its effect on the dependent variable, which is the outcome being measured or observed.