Social Anxiety Disorder and Generalized Anxiety Disorder

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This set of flashcards covers key concepts, symptoms, and treatments related to Social Anxiety Disorder and Generalized Anxiety Disorder based on the lecture notes.

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36 Terms

1
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What is Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD)?

A condition characterized by marked fear and anxiety in social situations, leading to significant distress and impairment.

2
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How does SAD differ from Specific Phobia?

SAD is usually generalized to multiple social situations, while Specific Phobia often pertains to one specific object or situation.

3
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What percentage of college students are classified as shy?

48% of college students.

4
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What percentage of college students qualify for a diagnosis of Social Anxiety Disorder?

Only 18% of college students.

5
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What is one of the main diagnostic criteria for SAD?

Marked fear about one or more social situations where scrutiny from others is possible.

6
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What does SAD criterion 2 entail?

The fear that one will act in a way or show anxiety symptoms that will be negatively evaluated.

7
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What reaction do social situations invoke in those with SAD?

Almost always provoke fear and anxiety.

8
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What happens often to those with SAD in social situations according to criterion 4?

They either avoid the situations or endure them with intense fear or anxiety.

9
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What is meant by criterion 5 for SAD?

The fear or anxiety is out of proportion to the actual threat posed by the social situation.

10
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How long do symptoms typically persist in someone with SAD according to criterion 6?

Symptoms are persistent, typically lasting for 6 months or more.

11
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What is criterion 7 for SAD?

The fear, anxiety, or avoidance causes clinically significant distress or impairment.

12
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What type of SAD is characterized by fears related to most social situations?

Generalized SAD.

13
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What is the prevalence rate for the generalized type of SAD?

Approximately 10% lifetime diagnosis.

14
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What is the estimated onset age range for SAD?

Typically during adolescence or young adulthood.

15
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How does SAD affect educational and occupational outcomes?

People with SAD tend to dislike school, have lower education levels, are more likely to be underemployed, and have fewer friends.

16
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What demographic is more likely to have SAD?

It is 1.5 to 2 times more common in women.

17
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What biological factor contributes to SAD?

There is a genetic component; social anxiety or shyness runs in families.

18
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Which neurotransmitters are dysregulated in those with SAD?

Serotonin, dopamine, and GABA.

19
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What medication treatment is effective for SAD?

SSRIs and SNRIs, with a 40-70% response rate.

20
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What is the cognitive distortion often associated with SAD?

Exaggerated likelihood of negative evaluation.

21
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What are safety behaviors in SAD?

Behaviors like over-preparing for speeches or avoiding eye contact to manage anxiety.

22
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What is a common psychological treatment for SAD?

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT).

23
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What is the cognitive component of CBT for SAD?

Cognitive restructuring, which involves identifying and challenging automatic thoughts.

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What does the behavioral component of CBT include for SAD?

Systematic, graduated exposure to feared situations.

25
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What is an example of a common exposure in CBT for SAD?

Initiating conversations.

26
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What does group therapy for SAD provide that individual therapy might not?

Observational learning and a form of exposure.

27
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What are the comparative effects of SSRIs and CBT for treating SAD?

Effects for SSRIs are similar to those of CBT, but CBT has lasting benefits.

28
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What defines Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?

Excessive, uncontrollable worry occurring more days than not for at least 6 months.

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What are common associated symptoms of GAD?

Restlessness, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, irritability, muscle tension, and sleep problems.

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What differentiates GAD from normative worry?

GAD involves excessive worry about numerous daily issues, often perceived as uncontrollable.

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What is the prevalence of GAD?

About 4% lifetime prevalence.

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What is a common etiology of GAD?

Genetic factors contributing to increased anxiety and worry.

33
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Which neurotransmitter deficiency is associated with GAD?

Deficiencies in GABA.

34
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What types of medications are typically used to treat GAD?

SSRIs, SNRIs, and occasionally benzodiazepines for short-term use.

35
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What do psychological theories suggest about the cognition in GAD?

Individuals with GAD over-predict negative outcomes and under-predict their ability to cope.

36
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What is a relaxation technique used in treating GAD?

Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR).