Social Anxiety Disorder and Generalized Anxiety Disorder

This set of flashcards covers key concepts, symptoms, and treatments related to Social Anxiety Disorder and Generalized Anxiety Disorder based on the lecture notes.

What is Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD)?

A condition characterized by marked fear and anxiety in social situations, leading to significant distress and impairment.

How does SAD differ from Specific Phobia?

SAD is usually generalized to multiple social situations, while Specific Phobia often pertains to one specific object or situation.

What percentage of college students are classified as shy?

48% of college students.

What percentage of college students qualify for a diagnosis of Social Anxiety Disorder?

Only 18% of college students.

What is one of the main diagnostic criteria for SAD?

Marked fear about one or more social situations where scrutiny from others is possible.

What does SAD criterion 2 entail?

The fear that one will act in a way or show anxiety symptoms that will be negatively evaluated.

What reaction do social situations invoke in those with SAD?

Almost always provoke fear and anxiety.

What happens often to those with SAD in social situations according to criterion 4?

They either avoid the situations or endure them with intense fear or anxiety.

What is meant by criterion 5 for SAD?

The fear or anxiety is out of proportion to the actual threat posed by the social situation.

How long do symptoms typically persist in someone with SAD according to criterion 6?

Symptoms are persistent, typically lasting for 6 months or more.

What is criterion 7 for SAD?

The fear, anxiety, or avoidance causes clinically significant distress or impairment.

What type of SAD is characterized by fears related to most social situations?

Generalized SAD.

What is the prevalence rate for the generalized type of SAD?

Approximately 10% lifetime diagnosis.

What is the estimated onset age range for SAD?

Typically during adolescence or young adulthood.

How does SAD affect educational and occupational outcomes?

People with SAD tend to dislike school, have lower education levels, are more likely to be underemployed, and have fewer friends.

What demographic is more likely to have SAD?

It is 1.5 to 2 times more common in women.

What biological factor contributes to SAD?

There is a genetic component; social anxiety or shyness runs in families.

Which neurotransmitters are dysregulated in those with SAD?

Serotonin, dopamine, and GABA.

What medication treatment is effective for SAD?

SSRIs and SNRIs, with a 40-70% response rate.

What is the cognitive distortion often associated with SAD?

Exaggerated likelihood of negative evaluation.

What are safety behaviors in SAD?

Behaviors like over-preparing for speeches or avoiding eye contact to manage anxiety.

What is a common psychological treatment for SAD?

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT).

What is the cognitive component of CBT for SAD?

Cognitive restructuring, which involves identifying and challenging automatic thoughts.

What does the behavioral component of CBT include for SAD?

Systematic, graduated exposure to feared situations.

What is an example of a common exposure in CBT for SAD?

Initiating conversations.

What does group therapy for SAD provide that individual therapy might not?

Observational learning and a form of exposure.

What are the comparative effects of SSRIs and CBT for treating SAD?

Effects for SSRIs are similar to those of CBT, but CBT has lasting benefits.

What defines Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?

Excessive, uncontrollable worry occurring more days than not for at least 6 months.

What are common associated symptoms of GAD?

Restlessness, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, irritability, muscle tension, and sleep problems.

What differentiates GAD from normative worry?

GAD involves excessive worry about numerous daily issues, often perceived as uncontrollable.

What is the prevalence of GAD?

About 4% lifetime prevalence.

What is a common etiology of GAD?

Genetic factors contributing to increased anxiety and worry.

Which neurotransmitter deficiency is associated with GAD?

Deficiencies in GABA.

What types of medications are typically used to treat GAD?

SSRIs, SNRIs, and occasionally benzodiazepines for short-term use.

What do psychological theories suggest about the cognition in GAD?

Individuals with GAD over-predict negative outcomes and under-predict their ability to cope.

What is a relaxation technique used in treating GAD?

Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR).