Organic Chemistry Lecture Notes Review

Flashcards created from lecture notes covering key organic chemistry concepts and reactions.

Croup

A branch of organic chemistry concerned with carbon-containing compounds.

Hydrohalogenation

A reaction in which a hydrogen halide (HX) is added to an alkene.

Markovnikov's Rule

States that in the addition of HX to an alkene, the hydrogen atom adds to the carbon with the most hydrogens.

Hydration

The addition of water (H2O) across a double bond, converting alkenes to alcohols.

Rearrangement

A process where the structure of a molecule is changed to form a more stable compound, often involving the migration of atoms.

Hydroboration-Oxidation

A two-step process that converts alkenes to alcohols through a hydroboration step followed by oxidation.

Catalytic Hydrogenation

The addition of hydrogen (H2) to an unsaturated hydrocarbon in the presence of a catalyst, converting it to an alkane.

E1 Reaction

A unimolecular elimination reaction where the leaving group departs before the nucleophilic attack.

Dihydroxylation

The addition of two hydroxyl (OH) groups to an alkene, resulting in a diol.

Ozonolysis

A reaction in which ozone (O3) cleaves double bonds, resulting in the formation of carbonyl compounds.

Radical

A highly reactive species with an unpaired electron.

Epoxide

A cyclic ether with a three-membered ring, formed by the reaction of alkenes with peroxy acids.

Acetal Formation

A reaction where aldehydes or ketones react with alcohols under acidic conditions to form acetals.

Friedel-Crafts Acylation

A reaction that introduces an acyl group (RCO-) onto an aromatic ring using an acyl chloride and a Lewis acid.

Wittig Reaction

A chemical reaction used to convert carbonyl compounds into alkenes through the reaction with phosphonium ylide.

Radical Polymerization

A method of polymerization that involves radical initiation and the repetitive addition of monomers.

Grignard Reaction

A reaction where organomagnesium reagents react with carbonyl compounds to form alcohols.

Chromic Acid Test

A test to determine the presence of primary alcohols, secondary alcohols, and aldehydes through oxidation.

Tollens Test

A chemical test used to detect aldehydes by producing a silver mirror.

Lucas Test

A test to differentiate between primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols by reactivity with Lucas reagent (HCl + ZnCl2).