Carlo Scarpa
Tags & Description
Carlo Scarpa
1906-78
Italian
Brion Cemetery, Treriso, Italy
1964-78
Christopher Wren is buried here
Tadao Ando
1941-
Japanese Architect
Self taught
began as a carpenters apprentice
traveled extensively to study architecture
combines modernism with traditional Japanese aesthetics
World Trade Memorial
note the use of concrete
Elizabeth Diller(1954) and Richard Scofoldio(1935)
Diller was born in Poland
both educated at Copper Union NY
begun by constructing “Guerilla Architecture” on vacant land
received “Genius” grant in 1999 from Macarthur Fellows Program
Key commissions
Blur Building - Swiss Expo
High Line - New York
Swedish Expo Building
The Blur Building
Sir Norman Foster
Born in Manchester, England
school of architecture university of Manchester
graduate school Yale
extensive travel in US
furniture design
Key commissions
Hong Kong Bank
Carre’e d’ Art - Nimes, France
Carre’e d’ Art
Norman Foster
Nimes, France
1984-93
reevaluated how site was used
gives more sense of place to Maisson Carree
exhibition galleries and library
Reichstag Dome
Norman Foster
Berlin Germany
1999
Frank Gehry
1929-
born in Canada moved to LA at 17
School of Architecture at University of Southern California
graduate school at Harvard (Urban Planning)
opened his own firm at age 33
Furniture Design
Key Commissions
Guggenheim Museum - Bilbao, Spain
Experience Music Project, Seattle
Gehry House
Project of Note:
George Ohr Museum - Biloxi, MS
under construction pre-katrina
Zaha Hadid
1950-2016
born in Baghdad, Iraq
trained as a mathematician
grad school at the AA (Architectural Association) in London
deconstructionist
colorful drawings, paintings, and conputer models
key commissions
Contemporary Arts Center, Cincinnati
Vitra Fire Stati
Deconstruction (Zaha Hadid)
designs buildings that look like they explode. Defying gravity and a single point of view, she creates collages of lines and planes that disrupt our usually static viee of cities
Contemporary Arts Center
Cincinnati, Ohio 2003
first built project by Zaha Hadid in US
Herzog(1950-) and De Meuron(1950-)
childhood friends
practied in Basil, Switzerland
Rem Koolhaus (1944-)
Dutch - born in Rotterdam
major publications “Delirious New York: a Retoactive Manifesto for Manhattan OMA, S, M, L, XL”
studied at AA (Architectural Association school in London)
key commissions
Prada stores
Prada Flagship Store
Educatorium, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Daniel Libeskind (1946-)
born in Lodz, Poland
gained US citizenship in 1965
key commissions
Jewish Museum, Berlin 1998
Imperial War Museum, Manchester
Jewish Museum, San Francisco
Denver Art Museum
Freedom Tower, NYC
Freedom Tower
David Childs, FAIA (Skidmore, Owings, and Merrill) and Daniel Libeskind
Jean Nouvel(1945-)
French Architect
educated at the Ecole d’ Beaux Arts, Paris
key commissions
remodeling of Lyon Opera House
Cultural and Congress Center, Lucerne, Switzerland
Renzo Piano (1937-)
born in Genoa, Italy
studied at University of Florence and Milan Polytechnic
early partnership with Richard Rigers (English)
puches limits of building technology
maintains control from design through construction
key commissions
Pompidou Center, Paris 1971-77
Menil Museum, Houston, Texas
The Shard - London
2012
tallest building in the EU
offices- restaurants- hotel- apartments- observatory
Antoine Predock (1936 - )
Born in Lebanon, Missouri
Columbia University
Offices in Albuquerque, New Mexico and L.A. Key Commissions: Nelson Fine Arts Center at Arizona State American Heritage Center in Laramie, Wyoming Museum of Science and Industry, Tampa, Florida
Chinese Architecture
Best described - DESIGN PRINCIPLES
Not styles, periods, dates
Principles persist, are revised over time
PROPORTIONS standard rectangular space: jian organized around a pathway/axis
SYSTEMS OF MEANING **Feng Shui: concept of orientation harmony with nature positive energy (chi)
Unity of Structure and Decoration
Wooden beams / columns framing are connected w/ elaborate joinery
Like classic column capitals - structure and connection
WOODEN architecture traditions important structures are made of timber (palaces, temples) brick / stone for tombs, fortresses
Architectural continuity, appreciate traditions
*Walls are modular
Flexible system
Made of wood supports*
Roof is focus roof develops overhang protect from hot sun heavy rains
Pagodas: Buddhist temples in China
Derived from stupa Pagoda tower part of temple complex Guided pilgrims to site Shape varied according to region, period, and materials available FOGONG Pagoda 1056 Wood structure Upturned eaves
Great Wall
Barrier against enemies
210 BCE began, built over centuries
10.000 miles long
15-30° high
15-25' wide
Frequent watchtowers
Temple of Heaven - Beijing
Worship hall took place of tall pagoda in temple compound
Beijing
Vast religious complex (700 acres) symbolizes the relationship between earth and heaven
Forbidden City
Emperors live, conduct "business" in city-like group of buildings behind walls
Temples
Reception halls
Service buildings
Residences
Gardens
Forbidden City: best preserved palace
Beijing
600 years old
"forbidden" to all but staff and royal family
Most important bldg. at north end (feng shui)
Japanese Architecture
Traditions in *Wood and Timber
Paper screens as walls, tile roofs, straw mats, plaster finish* COMBINATION
Indigenous (or vernacular architecture)
Imported Styles Simpler lines than Chinese arch.
Asymmetry, informal groupings
Harmony with nature
Four distinct seasons
Constant threat of destructive natural forces: earthquakes, tsunami, typhoons, active volcanoes
Timber - unadorned / structure is expressed
Japanese Cypress - typically used for structure
Secondary Woods - Cedar, Cherry, Red and Black Pine
Traditional roofs made of straw.
Paper made from mulberry bark.
Shinto Shrines
Pre-Buddhist, Pre-Chinese influence
Shinto is Japan's native formal religion
Meant to be temporary structures, Gods visit periodically
torii
large freestanding timber gateway
tea houses
Tea ceremony for upper classes
Preparing and drinking green tea according strict rules
Done in special tea houses
No decorations, furnishing, no distractions.
tatami
modular flooring mats
3' x 6'
Islam and Architecture
mosques designed for communal prayer
Muslim art
No figurative (representative people) art on walls art based on flowers, geometric shapes, Arabic script.
dome of the rock
Jerusalem
influenced by Byzantine architecture
shrine for pilgrims
center is a sacred rock where Muhammad ascended to Heaven
octagonal form
Great Mosque of Samarra
largest mosque ever built
Samarra Iraq
cone shaped minaret
spiral minaret encircled by ramp
horses could ride up
Moorish Architecture
Muslims (Moors) came to Spain 8th century
looked to ancient Roman architecture
Mosque of Cordoba
1st Islamic structure in Europe
Indian Architecture
various cultural influences: Buddhists, Hindus, Muslims, British
Indian Architecture (cont)
foreign cultures and different religions have been absorbed and transformed by asian Indian architects
Buddhists: earliest structures stone
Hindus: ornate style carved in stone pyramid style
Muslims: islamic traditions with ornate palaces, mosques, and tombs
Europeans: British victorian revival
Taj Mahal
National emblem of India
1632-53