SCOTUS

Engel v. Vitale (1962)

The Supreme Court ruled that school-sponsored prayer in public schools is unconstitutional due to government endorsement of religion.

Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)

The Supreme Court ruled that Wisconsin's compulsory education law violated Amish families' right to freely practice their religion.

Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969)

The Supreme Court ruled that students do not lose their First Amendment rights at school unless their speech disrupts learning.

Schenck v. United States (1919)

Established the 'clear and present danger' test, stating that speech posing a danger can be limited.

New York Times Co. v. United States (1971)

The Court ruled that the government cannot use prior restraint to stop publication of the press unless it harms national security.

McDonald v. Chicago (2010)

The Court ruled that the Second Amendment applies to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment, making Chicago’s handgun ban unconstitutional.

Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)

The Supreme Court ruled that the right to an attorney applies to all felony cases at the state level.

Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

The Court ruled that racial segregation in public schools is unconstitutional, overturning Plessy v. Ferguson.

Marbury v. Madison (1803)

Established judicial review, stating the Court could not issue the writ because the law allowing it was unconstitutional.

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

The Court ruled that Congress has implied powers to create a national bank and states cannot tax federal institutions.

United States v. Lopez (1995)

The Court ruled that carrying a gun in a school zone is not economic activity and does not substantially affect interstate commerce.