Bio 1B 3.1 Seedless Plants

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34 Terms

1

Describe the challenges to plant life on land

unfiltered UV harmed plants, desiccation, lack of structural support, couldn't easily disperse reproductive cells, lacked soil

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2

What are the four adaptations that early plants evolved to live on land?

alteration of generations, apical meristem tissue in roots and shoots, waxy cuticle, and lignin

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3

Plants are _________

haplodiplontic

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4

what does it mean to be haplodiplontic?

Half of the organism's life is spent as a haploid and the other half as diplod

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5

Describe the traits shared by green algae and land plants

chloroplasts contain same carotenoids and chlorophyll a and b, store carbohydrates as starch, and cell walls contain cellulose

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6

Explain why charophytes are considered the closest algal relative to land plants

They lack supportive tissue like xylem and phloem that lands plants have, are haplontic, and have flagellated sperm

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7

Identify the main characteristics of byrophytes

nonvascular, seedless, homosporous, they lack lignin, don't have true leaves or roots, and the gametophyte is dominant

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8

what are the distinguishing traits of liverworts?

have air pores but not stomata, has rhizoids not roots, grows across the plant body not at the buds

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9

what are the distinguishing traits of hornworts?

has pipe-like sporophyte, air pores are on the gametophyte but stomata are on the sporophyte

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10

what are the distinguishing traits of mosses?

has a stalk with primitive conductive system, has leaflike blades with air pores, rhizoids act as its roots, sporophyte has stomata

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11

Describe the events in the bryophyte life cycle

haploid spores germinate in the gametophyte to make gametospores, the sperm swim to and fertilize the egg in archegonium where a diploid embryo develops and turns into a sporophyte which produces haploid spores through meiosis

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12

Identify the new traits that first appear in seedless vascular plants

large heights, has true roots stems and leaves, can be homosporous or heterosporous, posseses lignin cuticle and apical growth, diploid sporophyte dominant

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13

Which plants are considered non-vascular?

Liverworts, hornworts, mosses

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14

Which plants are vascular?

Club mosses, quillworts, spike mosses, whisk ferns, horsetails, and ferns

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15

Which classes of plants are both seedless and vascular?

club mosses, quillworts, spike mosses, whisk ferns, horsetails, and ferns

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16

What are the distinguishing traits of club mosses, quill worts, and spike mosses?

the sporophyte is dominant, consists of a small stem and microphylls, has strobili with sporangia

<p>the sporophyte is dominant, consists of a small stem and microphylls, has strobili with sporangia</p>
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17

what are the distinguishing traits of whisk ferns?

photosynthetic stems with knob shaped sporangia, lacks roots and leaves

<p>photosynthetic stems with knob shaped sporangia, lacks roots and leaves</p>
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18

what are the distinguishing traits of horsetails?

thin leaves, toxic to livestock, contains silica in epidermic cells

<p>thin leaves, toxic to livestock, contains silica in epidermic cells</p>
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19

what are the distinguishing traits of ferns?

dominant sporophyte, has true roots, stems, and leaves, has flagellated sperm

<p>dominant sporophyte, has true roots, stems, and leaves, has flagellated sperm</p>
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20

Describe the life cycle of a fern

spores from the sporangium release and fertilize the eggs in the archegonium, then it develops into a sporophyte which grows roots from the gametophyte that then touches the ground and is able to support itself

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21

Explain the role of seedless plants in the ecosystem

seedless plants make the earth easier for other plants to grow on and provide resources to the environment

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22

Liverworts, hornworts, and mosses are all ______phytes

byrophytes

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23

club mosses, quillworts, and spike mosses are _____phytes

lycophytes

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24

whisk ferns, horse tails, and ferns are ________phytes

Pterophytes

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25

Define gametophyte

haploid form that produces haploid gametes by mitosis

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26

define sporophyte

diploid form that produced haploid spores by meiosis

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27

define sporangia

reproductive sac for spore production

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28

define gametangia

structure that gives rise to gametes by mitosis

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29

what is an antheridium?

male reproductive structure of a plant, produces flagellated sperm

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30

what is an archegonium?

female reproductive structure of a plant, produced eggs and protects developing embryo

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31

what does lignin do?

reinforces cell walls to prevent water loss and provide strength

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32

what are megaphylls?

large leaves with a branching vein pattern

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33

What are sporophylls?

leaves modified to bear sporangia

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34

what are microphyll?

small leaf like stricture with a single unbranched vein through the center

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