HUMA final

What is Middle World?

A philosophical concept referring to the middle state of existence between higher and lower realms.

What is a Soliloquy?

A dramatic monologue by a character expressing their thoughts and feelings, typically spoken when they are alone on stage.

What is Local Color?

A literary technique that focuses on the unique features of a particular region, including its customs, dialect, and landscapes.

What is Neoclassicism?

An artistic and literary movement that emphasizes the principles of classical antiquity, focusing on order, harmony, and restraint.

What is Verisimilitude?

The appearance of being true or real in a narrative, creating a likeness to reality.

What is Noble Savage?

A literary character who embodies the idea that humans are inherently good but are corrupted by society.

What is Rationalism?

A philosophical belief that reason is the primary source of knowledge and truth.

What is Empiricism?

The theory that knowledge is derived from sensory experience and observation.

What is Progressivism?

A political and social philosophy advocating for reform, improvement, and progressive change in society.

What is Situational Irony?

A situation where the outcome is significantly different from what was expected.

What is Dramatic Irony?

A situation in a narrative where the audience knows more about the circumstances than the characters do.

What is Verbal/Linguistic Irony?

A form of irony where a speaker says one thing but means the opposite.

What is a Novel?

A lengthy narrative that tells a fictional story, typically involving character development and a complex plot.

What is Prose?

Written or spoken language in its ordinary form, without the structured meter of poetry.

What is a Sentimental Novel?

A type of novel that emphasizes emotion and the moral lessons of its characters.

What is Oral Tradition?

The practice of transmitting stories, histories, and cultural narratives verbally from one generation to the next.

What is Romanticism?

An artistic movement that emphasizes emotion, individualism, and the glorification of nature.

What is Transcendentalism?

A philosophical movement that advocates for the inherent goodness of people and nature, emphasizing self-reliance and spiritual experience.

What is Narrative Poetry?

A form of poetry that tells a story, often featuring a narrator and characters.

What is Dramatic Poetry?

Poetry that is written in the form of a play, often meant to be performed.

What is Lyric Poetry?

Highly personal poetry that expresses the poet's emotions and thoughts, often in a musical form.

What is a Poetic Foot?

A combination of stressed and unstressed syllables that form the basic unit of verse.

What is Meter?

The rhythmic structure of verses, determined by the number and arrangement of feet.

What is a Rhyme Scheme?

The pattern of rhymes at the end of each line in a poem.

What is Enjambment?

The continuation of a sentence without a pause beyond the end of a line, couplet, or stanza.

What is an Archetype?

A typical character, action, or situation that represents universal patterns in human nature.

What is Personification?

A literary device that attributes human characteristics to non-human entities.

What is Assonance?

The repetition of vowel sounds within closely placed words.

What is Consonance?

The repetition of consonant sounds within or at the end of words in a phrase or sentence.

What is Alliteration?

The occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words.

What is Internal Rhyme?

A rhyme occurring within a single line of poetry or between the middle of one line and the end of another.

What is Onomatopoeia?

A word that phonetically imitates, resembles, or suggests the sound it describes.

What is Free Verse?

Poetry that does not adhere to a consistent meter or rhyme scheme.

What is Inversion?

A literary technique where normal word order is reversed, often to create emphasis.

What is Connotation?

The implied or suggested meaning of a word, beyond its direct definition.

What is an Allusion?

A brief and indirect reference to a person, place, thing, or idea of historical, cultural, literary or political significance.

What is Realism?

A literary movement that aims to represent life as it is, without embellishment or idealization.

What is Vernacular?

The language or dialect spoken by the ordinary people in a particular region.

What is Voice?

The distinctive style or manner of expression of an author or character.

What is Episodic Structure?

A narrative structure that consists of a series of loosely connected events or episodes.

What is Ideology?

A system of ideas and ideals, especially one that forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy.

What is Racialism?

An emphasis on racial characteristics and distinctions, often leading to discrimination.

Who is Viola?

A main character from Shakespeare's play 'Twelfth Night', known for disguising herself as a man.

Who is Orsino?

A character in 'Twelfth Night', he is a duke who is in love with Olivia.

Who is Olivia?

A character in 'Twelfth Night', she is a countess pursued by Orsino.

Who is Malvolio?

A steward in 'Twelfth Night', known for his puritanical attitude and eventual humiliation.

Who is Elizabeth Bennet?

A central character from Jane Austen's 'Pride and Prejudice', known for her wit and intelligence.

Who is Fitzwilliam Darcy?

A character in 'Pride and Prejudice', he is a wealthy and reserved gentleman who becomes romantically involved with Elizabeth Bennet.

Who is Huckleberry Finn?

The protagonist of Mark Twain's novel 'The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn', known for his adventurous spirit.

Who is Jim?

A runaway slave and central character in 'The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn', who forms a deep bond with Huck

What are the debated issues regarding whether Shakespeare wrote his own plays?

The debate centers around authorship questions, attribution of plays to different writers, and the historical context of Shakespeare's life and works.

What common themes are displayed in Twelfth Night?

Twelfth Night explores themes such as fools and madmen, doubling/mirroring, questions of identity (gender, class, personal), and the concepts of disguise, deception, and misperception.

What is the significance of fools and madmen in Shakespeare's works?

Fools and madmen often serve to highlight truths about society and human nature, providing insights that other characters may overlook.

How does Twelfth Night address questions of identity?

The play challenges traditional notions of identity through Viola's disguise as a boy, prompting reflections on gender and personal identity.

What does it mean that Viola is played by a boy in Shakespearean performances?

This practice underscores the themes of gender fluidity and societal roles in the exploration of identity within the play.

What is the Shakespearean 'middle world'?

The 'middle world' refers to a transitional space in Shakespeare's plays where characters experience a blend of reality and illusion, often linked to themes of Carnival and Saturnalia.

What do the theories of Carnival and Saturnalia suggest about Shakespeare's works?

These theories suggest that Shakespeare's works contain elements of inversion, where social norms and hierarchies are subverted, reflecting a temporary freedom from societal constraints.

What does the phrase 'the purpose of drama is to teach and to please' mean?

This phrase suggests that drama aims to both instruct the audience on moral lessons and entertain them through engaging storytelling.

What are the neo-classical Unities?

The Unities refer to the principles of unity of time, place, and action, which dictate that a play should occur within a single time frame, at one location, and follow a single plot line.

What is the difference between a novel and a narrative poem?

A novel is a lengthy, fictional prose narrative with a complex structure, while a narrative poem tells a story through verse, often with a rhythmic and metrical form.

What are the three kinds of irony?

The three kinds of irony are situational irony, dramatic irony, and verbal irony.

How does Austen use irony in Pride and Prejudice?

Austen employs irony to critique social norms, highlight character flaws, and create humor, particularly in the interactions and misunderstandings between Elizabeth Bennet and Mr. Darcy.

How does Twain use irony in Huckleberry Finn?

Twain uses irony to expose the hypocrisy of social mores and racial attitudes, particularly through Huck's moral dilemmas and the contrast between societal values and his personal ethics.

How does Allende use irony in 'Clarisa'?

Allende uses irony to reveal the complexities of human relationships and societal expectations, often highlighting characters' inner conflicts against external circumstances.

How do social pressures influence Elizabeth and Darcy in Pride and Prejudice?

Social pressures, including class distinctions and economic considerations, propel Elizabeth and Darcy's character development and interactions throughout the plot.

What role does class play in the story of Elizabeth and Darcy?

Class differences create barriers and misunderstandings between Elizabeth and Darcy, ultimately impacting their perceptions of each other and their relationship.

How do economic factors drive the plot of Pride and Prejudice?

Economic factors, such as inheritance, marriage prospects, and wealth, significantly influence characters' motivations, decisions, and social standings.

How does Austen reveal her characters through story details?

Austen reveals her characters through nuanced social interactions, dialogue, and detailed descriptions that illuminate their personalities and motivations.

How does Austen construct masculinity and femininity in her works?

Austen constructs masculinity and femininity by contrasting societal norms of gender roles, showcasing both traditional and progressive attributes through her characters.

Why do scholars consider Austen the first realistic novelist in English?

Scholars call Austen the first realistic novelist due to her focus on everyday life, intricate character development, and social commentary that reflect genuine human experiences.

Do the attitudes toward love in Twelfth Night and Pride and Prejudice differ due to gender of the authors?

Yes, attitudes toward love may vary due to the authors' perspectives; Austen's female viewpoint in Pride and Prejudice contrasts with the male perspective in Twelfth Night.

How do Twelfth Night and Pride and Prejudice portray love differently due to their historical contexts?

Twelfth Night, written before the Enlightenment, often features whimsical and chaotic love, while Pride and Prejudice embodies Enlightenment ideals of reasoned emotion and social commentary.

What issues arise when an author's work is published without their input?

When published without input, works may misrepresent the author's intentions, leading to altered interpretations and potentially conflicting messages.

How is Austen an example of issues arising from publication without direct input?

Austen's works were published posthumously, sometimes altered, which affected how her narratives and character intentions were perceived.

How do the Slave Songs exemplify publication issues?

The Slave Songs were often compiled and edited by others, potentially misrepresenting the original musical and cultural context.

What are common traits and concerns of Romantic literature?

Romantic literature is characterized by a revolt against rationalism, exploration of the sublime and grotesque, emphasis on individual consciousness and emotion, and a focus on nature and organic structures.

How do Romantics view art?

Art is seen as transcendent, serving as a bridge to truth, reflecting personal emotions, and connecting deeply with natural themes.

What is the value placed on emotion in Romantic literature?

Romantic literature values emotion as a source of authenticity and significance, contrasting with rationalist impulses.

What does it mean when time is described as fluid in Romantic literature?

Fluid time suggests that past, present, and future intertwine, and narratives may reflect historical periods while emphasizing local color and themes of decay.

What was the focus of national spirit in Romantic literature?

The national spirit emphasized native subjects and themes, often celebrating local identity and culture.

How were Transcendentalists similar to Romantics?

Transcendentalists shared with Romantics a belief in individualism, nature, and the importance of personal experience.

What distinguishes Transcendentalists from Romantics?

Transcendentalists placed a stronger emphasis on self-reliance and spirituality, whereas Romantics often focused on emotion and nature.

How did Americans use literature to express national identity in the 19th century?

American literature in the first half of the 19th century reflected and shaped national identity by addressing themes of democracy, freedom, and the unique American experience.

What does it mean to say that poetry is a distillation of thought?

This phrase means that poetry condenses complex ideas and emotions into concentrated, expressive language.

What elements are important to poetry besides rhyme and meter?

Important elements of poetry include imagery, symbolism, themes, tone, and emotional resonance.

What are the important qualities associated with realistic fiction?

Realistic fiction depicts the world as it is, featuring descriptive details, environmental importance, character development, and language that feels authentic.

How does Twain use mythic elements and vernacular language in Huckleberry Finn?

Twain employs mythic elements and vernacular language to highlight regional authenticity, convey humor, and enrich character development.

How does Twain weave his voice into Huck's voice in Huckleberry Finn?

Twain blends his narrative style with Huck’s perspective, making his voice seem invisible while still influencing the storytelling.

What does it mean that Twain wrote in an ironic voice?

Writing in an ironic voice means Twain conveys a deeper meaning through contrasts, often highlighting hypocrisy and social issues while engaging his audience playfully.

What is a quest narrative, and how does Huckleberry Finn fit this theory?

A quest narrative follows a protagonist on a journey toward a goal; Huckleberry Finn may fit this structure through Huck’s physical and moral journey, but it complicates traditional quest tropes.

How do ideas of the 'Other' and marginalization relate to race?

The 'Other' reflects marginalized groups in society, often serving as a lens for examining racial issues, power dynamics, and societal perceptions.

What are the two different perspectives on racial stereotyping?

Racial stereotyping can be viewed as negative oversimplifications of groups or as cultural constructs that reflect societal views and biases.

How was racism expressed in Twain's day?

Racism was expressed through portrayals of slavery as benevolent, viewing Africans as inferior, and justifying harsh conditions through claims of intellectual inferiority.

What are the arguments for Huckleberry Finn being a racist novel?

Arguments include historical context, language used in the text, and the portrayal of race relations; supporters and critics highlight different aspects of its content and impact.

What are the historical influences on the minstrel show and their connection to Huckleberry Finn?

The minstrel show was a popular performance art form that reinforced racial stereotypes, influencing the cultural context within which Twain

What is a famous quote from Sophocles' Antigone?

"There are many wonders, but none more wondrous than man."

What does Virgil sing of in The Aeneid, Book 1?

"Of arms and the Man I sing."

What warning does Virgil give about the Greeks in The Aeneid, Book 2?

"I fear the Greeks, especially bearing gifts."

What does Dante declare in Inferno, Canto 3?

"Abandon hope all you who enter here."

How does John Milton express the idea of justifying God's ways in Paradise Lost, Book I?

"And Justify the ways of God to men."