angielski notatki - powtórzenie do kolokwium (mózg, układ nerwowy, stres)

mózg + układ nerwowy + stres - powtórzenie

Nervous System

A network of nerves and cells transmitting signals between the brain, spinal cord, and various parts of the body.

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Composed of the brain and spinal cord; controls basic and advanced functions.

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Composed of peripheral nerves transmitting information to and from the CNS.

Neuron

Basic unit of the nervous system responsible for transmitting signals.

Dendrites

Part of a neuron that receives signals.

Axon

Part of a neuron that transmits impulses to other cells.

Myelin Sheath

Speeds up nerve impulse conduction.

Synapse

Site of information transfer between neurons using neurotransmitters.

Cerebrum

Part of the brain that consists of two hemispheres, responsible for higher cognitive functions.

Frontal Lobe

Region of the brain responsible for motor control, speech, and abstract thinking.

Thalamus

Relays sensory information to the cerebral cortex.

Hypothalamus

Regulates homeostasis such as temperature, hunger, and emotions.

Brainstem

Composed of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata; responsible for basic life functions.

Cerebellum

Coordinates movement, balance, and motor precision.

Neuroplasticity

The brain's ability to adapt and reorganize.

Cortisol

Hormone released in response to stress.

Eustress

Positive stress that can motivate action.

Distress

Negative stress that can lead to health problems.

Burnout

State of physical and mental exhaustion.

Anxiety

State of excessive worry.

Meditation

A relaxation technique that helps reduce cortisol levels.

Physical Activity

Regular exercise that improves mood and health.