History Cause Essay

Short-term consequence?

Tsar's abdication

• Long-term consequence

• Rise of the Soviet Union

• Global ideological tension that shaped the 20th century

In rural areas…

Political repression was intensified

How was political repression intensified?

Deep social inequality

___% were impoverished peasants?

85%

When was serfdom officially abolished?

1861

How did serfdom legacy endure?

• High taxes

• Land shortages

• Continuing food security

In an attempt to address rural unrest…

Prime Minister Stolypin introduced land reform

Between what years were the reform present?

1906 to 1911

Aim of the land reform

Create loyal class of small, independent landowners

These reforms had some progress:

Peasant landowners increased from 20% in 1905 to 50% by 1915

What was also terminated?

Redemption payments

Impact was uneven…

61% of peasants still chose not to take up individual land ownership, as many lacked sources to sustain farms

Majority remained in…

Poverty, with little improvements to their living standards

At the same time, Stolypin's government…

Intensified political repression. He targeted revolutionary groups, such as the Social Revolutionaries and other left-wing opponents, using mass arrests, exile and more than 3000 executions between 1906 and 1909.

The brutal crackdown…

Earned the hangmans noose the nickname “Stolypins necktie”.

Long-term cause

• Deep social inequality

• Autocratic rule

• Lack of political freedom

• Short-term cause

• Pressure from world war 1

• Economic collapse

• Tsar Nicholas 2 poor leadership

Conditions of the Tsar Autocracy

Long-term political, social and economic cause of the 1905 revolution