Microbiology: Types of Infectious Agents

These flashcards cover key concepts related to the classification, identification, pathogenicity, and characteristics of bacteria as discussed in the lecture.

What are the main types of infectious agents discussed in the lecture?

A) Fungi

B) Viruses

C) Selected Bacteria

D) Parasites

C) Selected Bacteria

What is the first level of the taxonomical hierarchy?

A) Family

B) Class

C) Kingdom

D) Domain

D) Domain

Which domain does E. coli belong to?

A) Domain Archaea

B) Domain Bacteria

C) Domain Eukarya

D) Domain Fungi

B) Domain Bacteria

What is the classification of Escherichia coli?

A) Delta-proteobacteria, Myxococcales, Myxococcus xanthus

B) Alpha-proteobacteria, Pseudomonadaceae, P. aeruginosa

C) Gamma-proteobacteria, Enterobacteriales, Enterobacteriaceae, E. coli

D) Beta-proteobacteria, Neisseriaceae, N. gonorrhoeae

C) Gamma-proteobacteria, Enterobacteriales, Enterobacteriaceae, E. coli

What is the primary difference between Classification and Identification in microbiology?

A) Classification groups organisms, while Identification matches unknown organisms to known ones.

B) Classification matches unknown organisms to known ones, while Identification groups organisms

C) Classification focuses on genetic makeup, while Identification focuses on physical traits

D) Classification involves naming organisms, while Identification involves culturing them

A) Classification groups organisms, while Identification matches unknown organisms to known ones.

What are the common shapes of bacteria mentioned in the notes?

A) Cube, Pyramid, Sphere, Rod

B) Cocci, Bacilli, Coccobacilli, Spiral

C) Filamentous, Square, Hexagonal, Triangular

D) Diamnond, Oval, Rectangle, Star

B) Cocci, Bacilli, Coccobacilli, Spiral

What is a characteristic feature of Gram-positive bacteria?

A) Thin peptidoglycan layer

B) Thick peptidoglycan layer in cell walls.

C) Outer membrane

D) Presence of LPS

B) Thick peptidoglycan layer in cell walls.

What is a common pathogenic Gram-positive cocci?

A) Pseudomonas aeruginosa

B) Neisseria gonorrhoeae

C) Staphylococcus aureus

D) E. coli

C) Staphylococcus aureus

What type of infections can Staphylococcus aureus cause?

A) Hospital-acquired infections, skin infections, food poisoning, pneumonia

B) Gonorrhea

C) Tetanus

D) Lyme disease

A) Hospital-acquired infections, skin infections, food poisoning, pneumonia.

What distinguishes Staphylococcus epidermidis from Staphylococcus aureus?

A) Epidermidis is a Gram-negative bacillus

B) Epidermidis causes severe food poisoning

C) Epidermidis is coagulase positive

D) Epidermidis is coagulase negative and is part of normal skin flora

D) Epidermidis is coagulase negative and is part of normal skin flora.

What type of hemolysis is associated with S. pyogenes?

A) Delta (δ) hemolysis

B) Beta (ß) hemolysis.

C) Alpha (α) hemolysis

D) Gamma (γ) hemolysis

B) Beta (ß) hemolysis.

What diseases can β-hemolytic Streptococcus agalactiae cause?

A) Tetanus

B) Neonatal sepsis and infections

C) Lyme disease

D) Peptic ulcers

B) Neonatal sepsis and infections.

What are Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci (VRE)?

A) Viruses that cause diarrhea

B) Enterococci resistant to the antibiotic Vancomycin

C) Fungi sensitive to common antifungals

D) Bacteria sensitive to Vancomycin

B) Enterococci resistant to the antibiotic Vancomycin.

What is the characteristic shape of Neisseria?

A) Diplococci

B) Bacilli

C) Spirals

D) Coccobacilli

A) Diplococci.

What disease is caused by N. gonorrhoeae?

A) Herpes

B) Syphilis

C) Gonorrhea

D) Chlamydia

C) Gonorrhea.

What is the common shape and classification of Clostridia?

A) Gram-positive bacilli and obligate anaerobes.

B) Gram-negative spirals and microaerophiles

C) Gram-negative cocci and facultative anaerobes

D) Gram-positive coccobacilli and obligate aerobes

A) Gram-positive bacilli and obligate anaerobes.

Which bacteria is the causative agent of tetanus?

A) Clostridium perfringens

B) Clostridium tetani

C) Clostridium difficile

D) Clostridium botulinum

B) Clostridium tetani.

What is unique about Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

A) It is a non-motile obligate anaerobe

B) It forms endospores

C) It is sensitive to all antibiotics

D) It's a motile aerobe resistant to most antibiotics.

D) It's a motile aerobe resistant to most antibiotics.

What is the function of flagella in bacteria?

A) Attaches to surfaces

B) Stores genetic material

C) Facilitates motility

D) Protects against phagocytosis

C) Facilitates motility.

What distinguishes Obligate anaerobes from Facultative anaerobes?

A) Obligate anaerobes require oxygen, while facultative anaerobes do not

B) Obligate anaerobes are always Gram-positive, while facultative anaerobes are always Gram-negative

C) Obligate anaerobes grow only in high CO2, while facultative anaerobes grow in low CO2

D) Obligate anaerobes require no oxygen, while facultative anaerobes can manage in both conditions

D) Obligate anaerobes require no oxygen, while facultative anaerobes can manage in both conditions.

What type of bacteria is Bacillus anthracis?

A) Non-motile, facultative anaerobe and spore-forming

B) Motile, obligate aerobe and non-spore-forming

C) Obligate intracellular parasite

D) Acid-fast bacillus

A) Non-motile, facultative anaerobe and spore-forming.

What is the causative agent of Lyme disease?

A) Rickettsia rickettsii

B) Borrelia burgdorferi

C) Treponema pallidum

D) Leptospira interrogans

B) Borrelia burgdorferi.

What type of bacteria are Rickettsia?

A) Obligate intracellular bacteria.

B) Facultative anaerobes

C) Obligate extracellular bacteria

D) Spore-forming bacteria

A) Obligate intracellular bacteria.

Which genus causes peptic ulcers?

A) Staphylococcus

B) Streptococcus

C) Helicobacter pylori

D) Escherichia

C) Helicobacter pylori.

How is foodborne illness from Listeria monocytogenes often contracted?

A) Through direct contact with infected individuals

B) Via insect bites

C) Through contaminated food products

D) From airborne droplets

C) Through contaminated food products.

What diseases can Shigella cause?

A) Typhoid fever

B) Cholera

C) Dysentery and severe gastrointestinal symptoms

D) Hepatitis

C) Dysentery and severe gastrointestinal symptoms.

What is the significance of the Gram stain in microbiology?

A) It helps classify bacteria as Gram-positive or Gram-negative.

B) It determines bacterial motility

C) It tests antibiotic sensitivity

D) It identifies bacterial species definitively

A) It helps classify bacteria as Gram-positive or Gram-negative.

What does 'facultative anaerobe' mean?

A) Bacteria that require oxygen to grow

B) Bacteria that can grow in both the presence and absence of oxygen

C) Bacteria that cannot grow in the presence of oxygen

D) Bacteria that prefer high CO2 environments

B) Bacteria that can grow in both the presence and absence of oxygen.

What is the consequence of infection with Yersinia pestis?

A) Causes influenza

B) Causes tuberculosis

C) Causes malaria

D) Causes the plague

D) Causes the plague.

What characteristic does an acid-fast bacilli have?

A) Resistant to decolorization by acid-alcohol.

B) It is easily decolorized by acid-alcohol

C) It is a spore-forming organism

D) It stains purple with Gram stain

A) Resistant to decolorization by acid-alcohol.

What is the treatment strategy for antibiotic-resistant bacteria?

A) Utilizing alternative medications or combination therapies.

B) Using the same antibiotics at higher doses

C) Discontinuing all medication

D) Relying on the immune system alone

A) Utilizing alternative medications or combination therapies.

Why is it important to wash hands before preparing food?

A) To make food taste better

B) To reduce cooking time

C) To prevent foodborne illness caused by bacteria.

D) To impress guests

C) To prevent foodborne illness caused by bacteria.