Public Health Exam Review Flashcards

Public Health Function

The role of public health in understanding the medical care system, health policy, and management of health administration.

Identify the Problem

The first step in taking public health action.

Ecological Model

An approach to promoting healthy behavior by changing the social and physical environment.

Maternal Mortality Rate Trend (since 2018)

Increased in the United States.

Common Social Factor in High-Risk Pregnancies

Violence.

Significant Threat to Adult Health

Illicit drugs, particularly opioids.

Lifecourse Perspective

Focuses on how transitions such as marriage, parenthood, and career influence health behaviors and outcomes.

Older Adults (2034 Prediction)

Predicted to outnumber children younger than 18 for the first time in U.S. history.

Demographic Group More Likely to be Poor Among Older Adults

Older women.

Libertarian View on Smoking

Allows outlawing smoking in indoor places to avoid bothering others but prevents regulation on smoking itself in adults.

Primary Prevention

Prevents illness or injury by avoiding exposure to risk factors.

Secondary Prevention

Minimizes severity of illness once an injury-causing event has occurred.

Tertiary Prevention

Reduces disability via medical care and rehabilitation services.

Descriptive Research

Focuses on detailing characteristics and prevalence in a population.

Exploratory Research

Investigates new areas in public health, often when little is known.

Informed Consent

The process of obtaining voluntary and informed agreement from research participants.

Privacy in Research

Protects individuals by allowing them to choose what information to share.

Confidentiality in Research

Protection of personal information and identities of participants.

Vulnerable Populations

Groups like children, pregnant individuals, and those disadvantaged socioeconomically that are at risk of exploitation.

Institutional Review Boards (IRBs)

Evaluate and approve research protocols to protect human participants.

PICOT Approach

A framework for framing research questions involving Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, and Time.

Qualitative Research

Focuses on non-numeric data to gain insights into social phenomena.

Quantitative Research

Involves numerical data and statistical analysis to quantify health issues.

Mixed Methods Research

Combines qualitative and quantitative methods to provide a comprehensive understanding of health issues.

Dissemination of Research Findings

The process of sharing research results with stakeholders and the general public.

Randomized Control Trial (RCT)

A study design that minimizes bias by randomly assigning participants.

Sampling in Research

The process of selecting a subset of individuals to represent the larger population.

Health Statistics

Data collected to monitor community health and plan public health programs.

National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS)

The primary agency for collecting and reporting health data in the U.S.

Vital Statistics

Records of births, deaths, marriages, and other significant life events.

Tuskegee Syphilis Study

An unethical study that led to stronger regulations in human experimentation.

Koch's Postulates

A series of criteria to establish a causative relationship between a microbe and a disease.

Chain of Infection

The pattern through which infectious diseases are transmitted.

Vaccination (Link 4)

Stimulates the immune system to recognize and attack a pathogen.

Vaccine Hesitancy

Reluctance to vaccinate due to concerns about safety or misinformation.

AIDS

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, caused by HIV, which severely weakens the immune system.

Ebola

A viral hemorrhagic fever with high fatality rates.

Antibiotic Resistance (AMR)

The ability of bacteria to resist the effects of antibiotics due to misuse.