bio 107

These flashcards cover key concepts and details about glycolysis and fermentation processes.

What is the role of phosphofructokinase in glycolysis?

Phosphofructokinase is an important enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of fructose 6 phosphate into fructose 1,6 bisphosphate, and is a main regulatory point of glycolysis.

What happens to fructose 1,6 bisphosphate during glycolysis?

Fructose 1,6 bisphosphate is split into two 3-carbon molecules: glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate (G3P) and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP).

What is the net gain of ATP from glycolysis per glucose molecule?

The net gain of ATP from glycolysis per glucose molecule is two ATPs.

What happens to NAD+ during the oxidation of G3P?

NAD+ is reduced to NADH as electrons are transferred from G3P.

Why is NAD+ important for glycolysis?

NAD+ is crucial for glycolysis because it is required to accept electrons during the oxidation steps, enabling ATP production.

What pathway does pyruvate follow if oxygen is present?

If oxygen is present, pyruvate can be further oxidized in aerobic respiration, occurring in the mitochondria.

What are the two main types of fermentation?

The two main types of fermentation are alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation.

What is the primary purpose of fermentation in terms of NAD+?

The primary purpose of fermentation is to regenerate NAD+ to allow glycolysis to continue in the absence of oxygen.

What are some products of alcoholic fermentation?

Alcoholic fermentation produces ethanol and CO2 from pyruvate.

How is lactic acid produced in lactic fermentation?

In lactic fermentation, pyruvate is directly reduced to lactate by using NADH, regenerating NAD+.