APUSH Unit 4: 1800 - 1848

Federalists

Alexander Hamilton. Pro-British. Strong federal government. Loose interpretation of the constitution. Upperclass, merchants, bankers. Industrialists

Democratic-Republicans

Jeffersonians. Thomas Jefferson. Pro-French. State Rights. Strict interpretation of the constitution. Lower/middle classes, farmers. Agrarian/farmers.

Era of Good Feeling

1817-1823. Disappearance of federalists which allowed Democratic-Republicans to govern in a spirit of seemingly nonpartisan harmony.

Democrats

Andrew Jackson. The "common man." Against the BUS (bank of the united states) and "elite" organizations

Whig Party

Henry Clay. Anti-Jackson. Strong federal government. For internal improvements and BUS.

Midnight Judges

16 judges that were added by the Judiciary Act of 1801 under John Adams (2nd President). It would allow Federalists to maintain power in the nation after they were a minority in congress.

Judicial Review

Court has the power to determine the constitutionality. Strengthens the judiciary branch.

McCulloch vs. Maryland (1819)

The courts ruled that the states cannot tax the federal government (Bank of the United States). The federal government is supreme to the states (supremacy clause). Confirmed the constitutionality of the Bank of the United States (elastic clause).

Market Economy

Prices are determined through supply and demand, not the government. Created by Adam Smith.

Albert Gallatin

Watchdog of the Treasury. Using strict controls of the economy, he succeeded in reducing the debt, and balancing the budget. (1801-1814)

Calhoun's Speech in the U.S. Senate (1837)

"positive good" Defended slavery.

Charles G. Finney

Greatest preachers of all time (spoke in New York City). Made the "anxious bench" for sinners to pray and was against slavery and alcohol.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Member of the women's right's movement in 1840. She advocated women's suffrage. Read the Declaration of Sentiments.

Dorothea Dix

Argued for the more human treatment of the insane; reformed prisons.

Utopian Communities

Idealistic communities. 1840s