Standard English Grammar 2

What is a Predicate

Part of a sentence that tells what the subject does, what is done to the subject, or what the subject is.

Examples of Predicate

• Went Home in John went home

• Is a talented musician in My sister is a talented musician

• Eats garlic snails in Jack eats garlic snails

• is disgusting in Jack is disgusting

What is Aspect

Refers to whether an action is in progress or completed. tell us how events unfold over time.

Modality

Used for indicating possibility, necessity, permission, or ability rather than stating facts directly.

What are the four Modals for present

Will, Shall, Can, May

What are the four Modals for Past

Would, Should, Could, Might

Examples of modes in sentences

• Can in He can eat

• may in It might rain

• Could in Could you close the door

• must in You must study hard

What is Passive Voice

Subjects (Agents) are being affected by, the auxiliary word, the original direct object.

What is Active Voice

Subjects (Agents) are performing the action or making something happen.

What is a Head

The word that determines the grammatical properties of the whole phrase; the head names the phrase.

Examples of Head

• Noun (Head) Phrase

• Verb (Head) Phrase

• Adjective (Head) Phrase

What is a Cleft

Sentence structure that emphasizes or highlights a particular piece of information by splitting a simple sentence into two clauses; drawing attention to specific information by placing it in a prominent position.

What are the two main cleft types

It-Clefts and Wh-Clefts

What are adverbial phrases?

Group of words that function as an adverb, prepositional phrase, infinitive phrases, and participial phrases

How many sentence patterns are there?

10

What is Type 1 pattern?

Noun Phrase + be + ADV (Adverbial) / TP (Time or Place)

Examples of Type 1 Pattern?

• The next performance is on Monday

• The students are in the library

What is Type 2 Pattern?

Noun Phrase + be + Adjectival (Subject Complement)

Examples of Type 2

• Kim is irritable

• The show was over the top

• The students are diligent

What is Type 3 Pattern?

Noun Phrase + be + Noun Phrase (Going back to subject)

Example of Type 3

• Professor Mendez is my math teacher

• The students are scholars

• Boys are kids

What are linking patterns?

Verbs, other than be, completed by a subject complement - an adjectival or noun phrase that describes, characterizes, or identifies the subject.

What is Type 4 Pattern?

Noun Phrase + Linking Verb + Adjectival (Subject Complement)

Examples of Type 4

• Joe felt sad

• The students seem diligent

• I grew sleepy

• The soup tastes salty

What is Type 5 Pattern?

Noun Phrase + Linking Verb + Noun Phrase (related to original noun phrase)

Examples of Type 5

• We remained friends

• The students became scholars

• He seemed a nice person

• It seemed like a miracle

What is Type 6 Pattern?

Noun Phrase + Intransitive Verb

Examples of Type 6

• The students rested

• I slept

• Maria laughed

• The moon disappeared

What is Type 7 Pattern?

Noun Phrase + Transitive Verb + Noun Phrase (Direct Object)

Example of Type 7

• The students organized a film festival

• The lead-off batter hit a home run

• The author discussed his new book

What is Type 8 Pattern?

Noun Phrase1 + Transitive Verb + NP2 (Indirect Object) + NP3 (Direct Object)

Examples of Type 8

• The students gave the professor their homework

• The judges awarded Mary the prize

• The landlord handed me the keys

What is Type 9 pattern?

Noun Phrase + Transitive Verb + Noun Phrase 2 (Direct Object) + Adjectival (Object Complement)

Examples of Type 9

• The students consider the course challenging

• The teacher made the test easy

• The boys painted their hockey sticks blue

What is Type 10 Pattern

Noun Phrase + Transitive Verb + Noun Phrase 2 (Direct Object) + Noun Phrase 2 (Object Complement)

Examples of Type 10

• The students consider the course a challenge

• We elected Emma president

• The director called the situation a perfect storm