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average speed (m/s)
distance (m) / time (s)
force (N)
mass (kg) x acceleration (m/s²)
acceleration (m/s²)
change in velocity (m/s) / time (s)
density (kg/m³
mass (kg) / volume (m³)
work done (J)
= force (N) x distance moved in direction of force (m)
kinetic energy (J)
½ × mass (kg) × velocity (m/s)
gravitational potential energy (J)
mass (kg) x 9.8 or 10 x height (m)
weight (N)
mass (kg) x gravitational field strength (g) (m/s²)
pressure (Pa)
force (N) / area (m²)
moment (Nm)
force (N) x perpendicular distance from pivot (m)
charge (A)
current (C) x time (s)
voltage (V)
current (A) x resistance (Ω)
electrical power (W)
voltage (V) x current (A)
wave speed (m/s)
frequency (Hz) x wavelength (m)
primary voltage / secondary voltage
primary turns / secondary turns
refractive index (n)
sin i / sin r
sin c
1/n
efficiency (decimal or %)
(useful energy output)/(total energy input)
Spring constant (Nm)=
Force (N) / extension (m)
Power (W) =
Work done (J) / time (s)
Electrical Energy Transferred (J) =
Current (A) x Voltage (V) x time (s)
Electrical Power (for a resistor) =
Current ^2 x Resistance (Ω)
Orbital velocity (m/s) =
2.pi.radius (m) / Orbital period (s)
Ratio of Resistances of potential diver ( R1 / R2) =
V1 / V2
Momentum ( p) =
mass (kg) x velocity (m/s)
Impulse ( change in momentum) =
Force (N) x Time (s) x change
Change in pressure in a liquid =
density x g x change in depth
Gas change with constant Temp: Pressure x Volume =
Constant
Potential Difference =
Work done by charge / Amount of charge
Energy change when heating =
mass x SHC x Temperature change
Critical Angle for Total Internal Reflection : Sin C =
1 / n( refractive index)
Transformer Equation: Vp x Ip =
Vs x Is
Hubble's constant ( H) =
velocity of galaxy / distance to galaxy
Age of Universe ( 1/H) =
distance to galaxy/ velocity of galaxy
Moment (Turning force) =
Force x Perpendicular distance to pivot