Neuro muscular/transmitter agents

Botulinus Toxin

blocks the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, causing muscle paralysis.

Botox

A small dose of botulinum toxin used in medicine to treat muscle spasticity, wrinkles, and certain types of migraines.

Curare

A competitive antagonist of acetylcholine at nicotinic receptors that causes flaccid paralysis by preventing muscle contraction.

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) Inhibitors

Agents that block the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, prolonging the action of acetylcholine at the synapse.

Myasthenia Gravis

A neuromuscular disease causing muscle weakness, treated with AChE inhibitors.

Hemicholinium

A compound that blocks the reuptake of choline into the presynaptic neuron, reducing acetylcholine synthesis.

Choline Esters

Synthetic analogs of acetylcholine that activate cholinergic receptors, used to stimulate bladder function and gastrointestinal motility.

Biogenic Amines

Neurotransmitters like dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin that influence mood and physiological functions.

Dopamine

A biogenic amine involved in reward, motivation, and motor control.

Norepinephrine

A biogenic amine involved in the "fight or flight" response, increasing heart rate and alertness.

Serotonin

A biogenic amine that regulates mood, appetite, and sleep.

Glutamate

The primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, promoting neuronal activation and cognitive functions.

GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid)

The primary inhibitory neurotransmitter that reduces neuronal excitability and promotes relaxation.

Neuropeptides

Small protein-like molecules that modulate neuronal communication and act on G-protein-coupled receptors.

Substance P

A neuropeptide involved in pain perception and the inflammatory response.

Endorphins

Neuropeptides that act as natural painkillers by binding to opioid receptors, reducing pain perception.

Opioid Drugs

Medications that mimic the effects of endogenous peptides like endorphins to manage severe pain.