unit seven APUSH

Liberal internationalism

The idea that the U.S. should promote democracy, free trade, and peace worldwide.

Panama Canal Zone

• U.S.-controlled land in Panama where the canal was built for faster global trade and military movement.

Roosevelt Corollary

Theodore Roosevelt’s extension of the Monroe Doctrine saying the U.S. could intervene in Latin America to keep order.

Dollar Diplomacy

Policy under William Howard Taft encouraging U.S. investment abroad to gain influence.

Moral Imperialism

• Woodrow Wilson’s idea that the U.S. should promote democracy and moral principles internationally.

Lusitania

British ship sunk by Germany (1915), killing Americans and pushing the U.S. toward war.

Fourteen Points

Wilson’s plan for peace, including self-determination and a League of Nations.

Selective Service

1917 law that created the draft.

War Industries Board

Agency that coordinated war production.

Eighteenth Amendment

Started Prohibition (banned alcohol).

Espionage Act

Punished interference with the draft or war effort.

Sedition Act

• Made criticizing the government or war illegal.

Eugenics

Belief in improving the human race through selective breeding (often racist).

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

Civil rights organization fighting discrimination.

Great Migration

• Movement of African Americans from the South to Northern cities.

Tulsa Massacre

• 1921 racial violence that destroyed a Black community in Oklahoma.

Marcus Garvey

• Black nationalist leader promoting pride and self-reliance.

Red Scare (1919–1920

Fear of communism and radical political movements in the U.S

Treaty of Versailles

Ended WWI, punished Germany.

League of Nations

International peace organization proposed by Wilson (U.S. didn’t join).

Sacco-Vanzetti Case

• Trial of two immigrants accused of murder; seen as unfair due to bias.

Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)

Proposed amendment for gender equality (not ratified)

Flappers

Young women who challenged traditional roles (short hair, independence).

Adkins v. Children’s Hospital

• Struck down minimum wage laws for women.

Olmstead v. United States

Allowed wiretapping without a warrant.

Teapot Dome Scandal

Government corruption involving oil reserves.

Lost Generation

Writers disillusioned after WWI (e.g., Ernest Hemingway)

American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU)

• Organization defending individual rights.

Schenck v. United States

Limited free speech during wartime (“clear and present danger”).

Fundamentalism

• Belief in strict, literal interpretation of the Bible.

Scopes Trial

Trial over teaching evolution in schools

Illegal alien

• Term used for undocumented immigrants.

Indian Citizenship Act

Gave citizenship to all Native Americans (1924).

Harlem Renaissance

African American cultural movement in NYC (art, music, literature).

Wickersham Commission

Studied problems of Prohibition.

Great Depression

• Severe economic downturn (1930s).

Stock Market Crash (1929)

Collapse of stock prices.

Smoot-Hawley Tariff

Raised tariffs, worsened global trade.

Reconstruction Finance Corporation

Gave loans to banks and businesses.

New Deal

• Franklin D. Roosevelt’s programs to fight the Depression.

Repeal

Ending Prohibition (21st Amendment).

Emergency Banking Act

• Stabilized banks.

Hundred Days

Early period of major New Deal legislation

National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)

Promoted industrial growth.

National Recovery Administration (NRA)

Set fair business practices.

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

• Jobs for young men in environmental work.

Public Works Administration (PWA)

Built large infrastructure projects.

Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

• Provided electricity and jobs in the South.

Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)

• Paid farmers to reduce production.

Dust Bowl

Severe drought and dust storms in the Plains.

Federal Housing Administration (FHA)

Helped people buy homes.

Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO)

Union for industrial workers

Sit-down strike

Workers occupy a factory to protest.

Share Our Wealth Movement –

Huey Long’s plan to redistribute wealth.

Works Progress Administration (WPA)

• Created jobs (roads, art, etc.).

Wagner Act

Protected unions

Social Security Act

• Created pensions and unemployment insurance.

Welfare state

Government provides economic support.

Court-packing

FDR’s failed plan to add Supreme Court justices.

Indian New Deal

Reforms to improve Native American life.

Popular Front

• Coalition of groups against fascism.

Scottsboro Case

Racist trial of Black teens falsely accused.

House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)

Investigated communism.

Four Freedoms

FDR’s freedoms: speech, religion, freedom from want, fear

Isolationism

Avoiding foreign conflicts.

Neutrality Acts

Laws to keep U.S. out of war.

America First Committee

• Group opposing U.S. entry into WWII.

Lend-Lease Act

Supplied Allies with aid.

Axis Powers

Germany, Italy, Japan.

D-Day

Allied invasion of France (1944).

Holocaust

• Genocide of Jews and others by Nazis.

GI Bill of Rights

Helped veterans with education and housing.

Bracero Program

Brought Mexican laborers to the U.S

Zoot Suit Riots

• Racial conflicts in Los Angeles.

Japanese American internment

Forced relocation of Japanese Americans

Korematsu v. United States

Upheld internment.

Second Great Migration

African Americans moved for war jobs

Double V Campaign

Victory abroad and against racism at home.

Manhattan Project

• Program that developed the atomic bomb.

Potsdam Conference

• Meeting after Germany’s defeat to decide postwar plans.

Yalta Conference

Allied leaders planned postwar Europe.

Bretton Woods Conference

Created global economic system (IMF, World Bank).

United Nations

International organization to maintain peace.