Leisure, Sport Tourism

Define leisure

Free time not at work/school or doing domestic/ compulsory activities (sleeping, eating), like hobbies.

Is leisure equal between everyone?

No, it is dependant of wealth and gender

Why do HICs have more leisure time?

• More opportunity for extreme day trips e.g. flying to another city for a day

• Paid activities and hobbies are common (clubs)

• More people can afford to take vacations due to higher disposable incomes and better work-life balance.

• HIC’s tend to have more vacation days per year than LIC’s (e.g. Denmark = 25, Sri Lanka = 14)

• HIC’s tend to have shorter working hours per year (e.g. Demark = 1400h, Sri Lanka = 1900)

Why do LICs have less leisure time?

• Fewer opportunities for leisure activities with costs e.g. gym memberships

• For indigenous people, storytelling and music is leisure

• Longer working days

• Fewer vacations per year

• Limited access to facilities, economic constraints,

• Cultural differences (e.g. stereotype that women stay home to look after kids)

How does gender affect leisure time?

• Men traditionally have more leisure time in western countries

• In Europe and USA, men have 9+ house of leisure time than women

• A woman’s status in society may affect her leisure time

• Household responsibilities such as caregiving and household duties seen as a womans job

• More sports considered male dominant sports

• Women’s professional sports and less televised

How does age affect leisure time?

• In HICs, leisure activities are targeted at retired people who often have more free time to engage in hobbies, travel, and social activities.

What is the growth of leisure time the result of?

• Atomization/ developments in technology (washing machines)

• An increase is self employment

• An increase in disposable income

• Earlier retirement

• Increased people moving out of extreme poverty/ LIC and into MIC (estimated that someone leaves poverty every 1.2 seconds)

Define Tourism

The travel for pleasure to places outside of a personal usual environment.

What are the two types of tourism?

Primary and secondary

What is primary tourism?

Tourism to pre-existing attractions/ destinations (climate, heritage sites, coral reefs, mountains…)

What is secondary tourism?

Extra facilities to accommodate tourists (hotels, restaurants, water parks…)

Name the 8 types of tourism

1. Adventure (Mt Everest)

2. Cultural (Tay Mahal)

3. Religious (Lourdes)

4. Medical (Turkey)

5. Eco (Costa Rica)

6. Heritage (Pyramids of Giza)

7. Epicurean (Munich October Fest)

8. Educational (School residentials)

List 4 restraints of tourism

1. Terrorist threats/ bombing

2. Natural disasters

3. Pandemics/ quaraintines

4. Increase in prices

Define high end tourism

Tourism in accommodations like hotels with services

Define budget tourism

Being cost conscious and budget aware

Define mass tourism

Tens of thousands of people going to the same destination at the same time of year

Define sport

An activity involving physical exertion and skill

List 5 categories of sport

1. Physical

2. Mind

3. Motorised

4. Coordination

5. Animal related

Give some examples of physical sports

Football, rugby, boxing, karate…

Give some examples of mind sports

Chess, poker, e-sports, snooker…

Give some examples of motorised sports

Formula 1, motorbike, speed boats, monster truck…

Give some examples of coordination sports

Dancing, ballet, diving, gymnastics…

Give some examples of animal related sports

Horse riding, hunting, bull flighting…

What factors influence the location of sport facilities in urban areas?

Physical and socio-economic factors.

E.g. population density, accessibility, land use, and community needs.

List 4 physical factors

1. High relief (skiing, snowboarding)

2. Exposed coasts (surfing, sailing)

3. Rivers (rafting, canoeing)

4. Lakes (fishing, water skiing)

List 3 socio-economic factors

1. Accessibility to sporting arenas, equipment, stadiums, courses, coaches

2. Social factors/demographic (age, gender, disability, ethnicity, social group)

3. Rural or urban - 81% participation in cities, 68% in rural areas

What is the correlation between economic development and participation in a sport?

A positive correlation - as a country develops, there is a change is leisure activities

e.g. as a persons income increases, a TV is the first application people purchase

What are the case studies for Leisure, sport and tourism?

Venice, Glastonbury festival, Machu Picchu, Iceland niche tourism, Football club

Define hierarchy

A system where members of an organisation/society are ranked according to relative status / authority.

Define sphere of influence

The distance people would travel for a service

Define range of facility

The amount of things to do in an area

Define threshold population

The amount of people needed to support a facility

What size is a village?

500-3000

What size is a small town?

3000-10000

What size is of a large town?

50000+

What size is a major/ capital city?

1000000+

What factors influence the popularity/ quality of a tourism or sporting facilities in a settlement? (5 factors)

1. Economic development

2. Accessibility

3. Historical & cultural

4. Climate

5. National parks