AP World Unit 5 Quiz

Resistance to state expansion/power…causes/effects of each example of resistance: The Fronde

A series of civil wars in France primarily driven by nobles discontent with royal authority and taxation, which ultimately influenced the centralization of power under Louis XIV- enabling him to ignore any opposition he faced.

Resistance to state expansion/power…causes/effects of each example of resistance: Pueblo revolt

An uprising of Pueblo people against Spanish colonizers, driven by oppression, the encomienda system, and religious persecution. The revolt temporarily expelled the Spanish and restored traditional Pueblo practices. Freedom lasted for 12 years.

Resistance to state expansion/power…causes/effects of each example of resistance: Metacom’s War

A conflict between Native American tribes led by Metacom and English colonists in New England, fueled by territorial disputes and colonial expansion. The war resulted in the end of natives existence as independent people in New England.

Resistance to state expansion/power…causes/effects of each example of resistance: Queen Anna Nzinga

Queen in Angola. Breakdown of the alliance between Angola and the Portuguese - loosing the Portuguese slaves and land. Led to rebellion in Ndogo and an alliance with the Dutch

Resistance to state expansion/power…causes/effects of each example of resistance: Cossack Revolt

A Internal challenge to authoritarianism of the Tsars - they were very antisemitic. Caused because Catherine the Great granted nobles control over peasants. Tsars crushed the revolt and increased oppression

Resistance to state expansion/power…causes/effects of each example of resistance: Maratha conflict

Internal Hindu revolt against Muslim Mughal Empire due to religious oppression of Hindus. Led to a separate state being established, weakening the Mughals

Resistance to state expansion/power…causes/effects of each example of resistance: Maroon societies

Communities of escaped enslaved people in the Americas, primarily in the Caribbean and South America, who resisted colonial powers through guerrilla warfare and established autonomous settlements

Wahabi Movement - Sunni Islam

A reform movement in the 18th century led by Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab, aimed at purifying Islam by returning to what he considered the original principles of the faith, emphasizing monotheism and rejecting practices he viewed as innovations.

Forbade things such as dancing, music, and alcohol. And also led to more restrictive clothings. Particularly on women.

Causes of the Protestant Reformation: Martin Luther 95 Theses

A list of propositions challenging the Catholic Church's practices, particularly the sale of indulgences, which Martin Luther nailed to a church door in 1517, sparking widespread religious reform and the creation of the Protestant religion.

Causes of the Protestant Reformation: Theological differences- Indulgences

Theological disputes regarding the sale of indulgences, which were seen as a corrupt practice that undermined the true essence of repentance and salvation in Christianity.

Causes of the Protestant Reformation: Role of the printing press

The printing press played a crucial role in the Protestant Reformation by enabling the rapid spread of Martin Luther's ideas allowing them to reach a wider audience

Effects of the Protestant Reformation: Jesuits

The Jesuits were founded as response to the Protestant Reformation. They played a significant role in the Counter-Reformation, focusing on education, missionary work, and the spread of Catholic doctrine. They sought to reform the Church from within and combat Protestantism through their efforts.

Effects of the Protestant Reformation: Globalization of Christianity

Its spread was significantly influenced by missionary work - aided by the reformation and colonial expansion. This expansion led to the establishment of Christian communities worldwide and the adaptation of Christianity to various cultures.

Effects of the Scientific Revolution: Cause and effect relationship with the Enlightenment and revolutions

The Scientific Revolution laid the groundwork for the Enlightenment by promoting reason and empirical evidence, which influenced revolutionary movements in America and France that sought to challenge traditional authority and promote individual rights

The Enlightenment and politics/government: Natural rights

The Enlightenment emphasized the concept of natural rights, which are fundamental rights inherent to all individuals, such as life, liberty, and property. Philosophers like John Locke argued that these rights are inalienable and must be protected by governments.

The Enlightenment and politics/government: Social Contract

A theory developed by philosophers like John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, which says that individuals consent to form a government to protect their natural rights in exchange for some personal freedoms.

The Enlightenment: Thomas Hobbes

A 17th-century Philosopher. Hobbes argued for a strong central authority to avoid chaos and believed in the necessity of a social contract to maintain order.

The Enlightenment: John Locke

A 17th-century philosopher who advocated for natural rights and government by consent, Locke's ideas significantly influenced liberal political theory and were foundational to modern democracy.

Enlightenment beliefs and the influence upon reform movements: Expansion of suffrage

The push to extend voting rights to broader segments of society, reflecting Enlightenment ideals of equality and individual rights.

Enlightenment beliefs and the influence upon reform movements: Abolition

The movement to end slavery and the slave trade, inspired by Enlightenment principles of liberty, equality, and human rights.

Enlightenment beliefs and the influence upon reform movements: End of serfdom

The movement to abolish the feudal system of serfdom, driven by Enlightenment ideas advocating for personal freedom and social equality.

French Revolution: Cause and Effects

The French Revolution was driven by Enlightenment ideas, social inequality, and economic distress, leading to the rise of republicanism and significant political change in France. It resulted in the end of monarchy, the establishment of a republic, and widespread social and political upheaval, influencing revolutions worldwide.

French Revolution - compared and contrasted with American Revolution

The French Revolution and the American Revolution share Enlightenment ideals but differ in their outcomes; the former led to radical social change and the rise of Napoleon, while the latter resulted in the establishment of a stable republic.

American revolution: causes and effects

The American Revolution was fueled by Enlightenment principles, colonial resentment towards British rule, and economic restrictions, resulting in independence from Britain, the creation of a democratic government, and inspiring other revolutionary movements.

Haitian Revolution: causes and effects

The Haitian Revolution was driven by the desire for freedom from slavery, inspired by Enlightenment ideals and the French Revolution. It led to Haiti's independence, the first successful slave revolt, and significant changes in social and political structures - also showing fallacy in slave owners justifications

Latin American Revolution: causes and effects

The Latin American Revolution was influenced by Enlightenment ideas, social inequalities, and the desire for independence from European colonial powers. Key causes included the influence of revolutions in America and France, the Creole desire for political power, and economic exploitation by European nations. The revolution resulted in the establishment of independent republics, significant social changes, and the end of colonial rule in many regions.

Feminism: cases and effects

Feminism is a social and political movement advocating for women's rights and equality, driven by the desire to address gender inequalities and injustices. It has led to significant legal reforms, increased awareness of women's issues, and changes in societal attitudes towards gender roles.

Feminism: Olympe De Gouge

A French playwright and political activist known for her advocacy of women's rights, particularly through her work "Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen." She challenged the male-centric views of the French Revolution and fought for gender equality.

Feminism: Mary Wollstonecraft

An English writer and philosopher, best known for her work "A Vindication of the Rights of Woman," which argued for women's education and equality. Wollstonecraft is considered one of the founding figures of modern feminist thought.

Nationalism: Impact upon multi-ethnic empires

Nationalism often led to the decline of multi-ethnic empires as various ethnic groups sought self-determination and independence, resulting in political fragmentation and conflict.

Nationalism: Impact upon colonialism

Nationalism fueled anti-colonial movements as colonized peoples sought independence and self-governance, challenging imperial powers and leading to decolonization.

Declaration of Independence

A document adopted in 1776 that declared the American colonies' independence from British rule, outlining grievances against the king and affirming the colonies' right to self-govern.

Declaration of Rights of Man

A fundamental document of the French Revolution that outlines the individual and collective rights of all citizens, emphasizing liberty, equality, and fraternity. Didn’t include women

Declaration of Rights of Woman and Female Citizen

A document asserting women's rights, written in 1791 by Olympe de Gouges, which called for gender equality and highlighted the need for women's suffrage and legal rights.

Jamaica Letter by Simon Bolivar

A document written by Simon Bolivar in 1815 that articulated his vision for Latin America, advocating for independence from Spanish rule and emphasizing the importance of liberty and equality. However is was partially contradictory as he believed that he should be ruler for an unspecified amount of time.