CHC 2D World War 2

Dictator

A ruler with unrestricted power, without any democratic restrictions

Totalitarian State

A dictatorship in which the government uses intimidation, violence, and propaganda to rule aspects of the social and political life of its citizens

Five Year Plans

Stalins plans for economic development in the Soviet Union over 5 years

Fascist

A form of authentarian government that is totalitarian and nationalistic

Weimar Republic

The democratic government in Germany after the first world war

Nazis

Members of the National Socialist German Workers Party; the Nazis were extreme nationalists who took power in 1933 and controlled every aspect of German life through a police state

Kristallnacht

A coordinated attack against Jewish people and their property carried out by Nazis in Germany on November 9, 1938

Persecution

To oppress or ill-treat because of race, religion, gender, sexual orientation, or beliefs

Holocaust

The Nazi imprisonment and murder of 6 million Jewish people and 5 million other people during the second world war

Policy of Appeasement

Giving in to an agressors demands in the hopes that no more demands will be made

Non-agression pact

An agreement between two countries not to attack each other

Isolationism

The policy of remaining apart from the affairs of other countries

Refugee

A person displaced from his or her home and territory by war and others acts of agression

Deportation

The act of sending some back to his or her native land

British Commonwealth AirTraining Plan

Anprogram to train pilots and aircrew during the Second World War; it produced half of all Commonwealth aircrew and is the largest air training program

Wartime Information Board

Board established in 1942 to coordinate wartime propaganda in Canada

Total War

The mobilization of the entire resources of a nation for war

Crown Corporations

Businesses and industries owned by the Canadian government

Allies

Countries fighting against Germany during the second world war, including Britain, France, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and after 1941, the United States and the USSR

Axis

Alliance between Germany, Italy and Japan

Blitzkrieg

German war tactic of surprise attacks by tanks and fighter planes

Dunkirk

Port town in France from which a massive allied evacuation took place in May 1940, when German forces conquered France

Luftwaffe

The German air force

The Blitz

The heavy, frequent bombing attacks on London and other British cities by Nazi Germany

Battle of Britain

An air campaign launched in 1940 by the Royal Air Force to stop the Germans from achieving air superiority

Operation Barbarossa

Germanys unsuccessful invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941-1942, which broke the non-agression pact and ultimately led tonthe Soviet Union joining the allies

Pearl Harbour

The Japanese bombing of the US naval base in Hawaii December 7, 1941

Battle of Hong Kong

Japans attack on the British colony of Hong Kong in which there were heavy Canadian losses. Hours after Pearl Harbour on December 7, 1941

Black Christmas

December 25, 1941, the date Hong Kong fell to the Japanese

Battle of the Atlantic

The struggle between the Allies and the Axis powers to control the Allies shipping route across the Atlantic Ocean

Corvettes

Small, fast warships built in Canada to help protect convoys in the Atlantic Ocean

Bomber Command

The section of the RAF that directed the strategic bombing of Germany

Dieppe Raid

The 1942 trial raid by Canadian troops against Germany's occupation of Dieppe, Canada suffered heavy losses

Italian Campaign

1943 Allied battles to recapture Europe from the south, through Sicily and Italy

D-day

June 6, 1944; the day allied armies, including Canada, invaded France; the biggest Allied invasion of the Second World War

Paratroopers

Soldiers trained to parachute from airplanes onto combat areas

Juno Beach

The nine kilometre stretch of beach in France where Canadian troops landed on D-day

Manhattan Project

The code name during the Second World War for the American plan to develop the first atomic bomb

Atomic Bomb

A bomb containing radio active material, capable of destroying an entire city or region

Final Solution

The Nazis plan to systematically kill all European Jews

Genocide

The systematic extermination of a religious or ethnic group

Tribunal

Court of justice

War Crimes

The killing, torture, and hostage taking of civilian populations, or the deliberate and extensive destruction of their property

Crimes Against Humanity

Widespread attacks against civilians, including murder, enslavement, deportation, and torture

"Cradle to Grave" Social Securityt

Social assistance provided by the government, from birth to death

National Resources Mobilization Act

An act passed in 1940 enabling the government to do whatever was necessary for the war effort, it was amended in 1942 to allow conscription

Arsenal of Democracy

A slogan coined by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in December 1940 promising to help the Allies fight the Germans by providing military supplies while staying out of the actual fighting.

War Brides

Foreign women who married Canadian troops serving overseas and then immigrated to Canada after the war

Why was the situation 'grim' in 1940?

German forces had overwhelmed all opposition when they launched their major offensive against Holland, Belgium, and France

What was Operation Sea Lion?

A cross channel invasion of England, river barges were rushed from German to French to ports from which the German army was to be transported across the the channel

In what ways had the RAF planned to counter a German invasion?

-installed radar stations for a view of the skies over the English Channel

-improved aircrafts, spitfire and the hurricane were dependable and easily the best aircraft Germans had faced

Describe the effect of the Battle of France on Canadian pilots?

They lost weight, were sleep deprived, looked hagged, had mental issues, and were hospitalized for injuries

What was targeted by the Germans in their first phase of the Battle of Britain in July 1940?

Germans had targeted convoys making their way through the English Channel

What did they target on Eagle Day and the days that followed? Why?

The main air assault was towards airfields, radar stations and British port cities intended to cripple the RAF and open the way for invasion

What did the target become on August 24, 1940? Why?

The Germans had targeted mainly airfields in SW England, 2 weeks the RAF & Luftwaffe fight for control of the skies

Unable to destroy the RAF, what did Germany target on and after September 15, 1940? Why? What was the outcome of this campaign?

Germans had switched their focus to London after the allies bombed Berlin. Hitler cancelled Operation Sea Lion, and switched to night bombing. For more than 8 months, Germans pounded London and killed more than 40k civilians.

What was the treatment of the Canadian soldiers after the surrender of Hong Kong?

The Japanese used physical violence, supplied inadequate food portions, over laboured with work, lived in bug and feces, and executed those who didn't cooperate

While in Hong Kong what were the Canadians made to work on? How were they able to sabotage it?

The Japanese used the slaves to expand their airfields, but the Canadians had sabotaged the quality of the field by adding clay to the concrete mixtures.

How were the conditions on the 'Hell Ships' used to transport the Canadians to Japan?

The ships were confined with so many people, dirty, japs were cruel, no food, no room to lay down, and they we're standing in blood and feces exposed to disease

What work were Canadians made to do in Japan?

Canadians were made to work in shipyards, and mines but without proper equipment, no ventilation, they wore just a loin cloth due to the heat, wore no shoes and the mines weren't reliable

How were the Canadian POW labor camps liberated?

The Americans were also mad due to Pearl Harbour, so they seek revenge by using atomic bombs on two major Japanese cities. Following, the U.S. sends food and medical supplies to the Canadians. They had to slowly be fed back to weight. Faced PTSD with little treatment

What took place during Operation Husky?

Allies were to invade Sicily, Italy then fight their way up to Germany

What happened during the Race to Messina

It was the final objective to Ortona. a race between Patton's regiment and Montgomery's. The Germans had managed to escape to the Italy mainlands.

What is the significance of September 8, 1943?

The day Italy surrendered to the Allies, Germany had an alliance with Italy, so they helped to defend their Italian territory

What was the German strategy in the Italian campaign?

Retreat and Fire: stay in one spot. Firing as they retreat. Stayed in a spot until they got overrun then move.

What's significant about the Morrow River, the Gully, and Casa Berardi?

Morrow River: Canadians fight the Germans across the river

Gully: A big trench interfering with the route mainland, Germans dug holes and hid in the trench to overrun Canadians

Casa Berardi: 3 story farm house at the end of the gully, realized the troops are surrounded with only 15 soldiers left, they got stopped at the house.

Why were the soldiers warned not to pick up souvenirs?

Germans had planted anything worth value to Canadians with explosives.

What are the changing roles of women in Canada created by WW2

Women joined industries working as welders, drillers and machine operators. Workers were in high demand as men went overseas. The women's army corp was created, and the women's air service, but they don't go in combat. They moved to industrial areas.

Compare Ronnie the Bren Gun Girl to Rosie the Riveter

Bren gun girl is a real person that worked in a Canadian factory during the war whereas Rosie is American and a made up person