Terms And Other Things To Know

All Terms Covered in Lecture

What are some reasons we should study the media

Media is Ubiquitous, To look at how media influences people's daily decisions because of ads, and “Media images help shape our view of the world and our deepest values.”

Convergence

To meet at a point

Technological Convergence

You can do many types of media on one device, due to this the boundaries of media are blurred

Economic Convergence

The idea that fewer and fewer companies own more and more media companies

Cultural Convergence

Partially due to technological and economic convergence, multiple media landscapes can come together to give people different forms of media from all around the world. Example: Beast Master-Brazil-Mexico-Germany-U.S.

Types of Convergence

Technological, Economic, and Cultural

What does it mean that media is pedagogical

It Teaches us stuff. We learn from the media such as ads raising awareness of a new product or some new form of medicine. Children’s shows also are known to try and help kids from the alphabet, count to 10, etc. We also tend to watch people in a stage of life we are looking forward to.

What are the 4 functions of the media

Surveillance, Correlation, Cultural Transmission, and Entertainment

Surveillance

gives us information bout something such as the news, documentaries, advertising, etc.

Correlation

shows us ways that things are interpreted and given meaning. the persuasive form of media

Cultural Transmission

the way that media passes on and is maintained. Most commonly the main dominating culture but sometimes subcultures as well. All media uses this

Entertainment

What most people think of when they think of media. Adds fun to media.

What are the 3 models covering media convergence

Shannon and Weaver Model, Schramm-Osgood Model, and Cultural Studies Model

Shannon and Weaver Model

model from 1949 that is broken into 6 concepts including; info sources, Transmitter, Channel, Receiver, Destination, and Noise source

Schramm-Osgood Model

model from 1954 that shows there is no specific sender or receiver of info

Cultural Studies Model

shows how media is interpreted and where reality is made and transformed

What is media literacy

Analyzing media and how media ownership might affect the media that we see/ Things that allow people to analyze the media and create media messages as well, (Tweet, TikTok, etc) Analyze,Evaluate, and Create

Visual Literacy

being able to understand the meaning and symbolism behind an image

Linguistics Literacy

being able to read and understand the language of media

Film Literacy

Understanding film, tv, and internet videos and the difference between shots of a film

Digital/ Technological Literacy

Being able to use technology to access media text

What are the fundamentals of media literacy

motivation awareness, framing, and message form

Motivation awareness

being able to understand the purpose of media such s who created it and why

Framing

how the media makes you perceive something based on different connotations. This can persuade the audience how they should view things

Message Form

The same message plays out differently in one-on-one convos versus mass convos. Media limitations are how you can have a 900-page book made into a 2hr long movie.

What is “mean world syndrome” and how does it connect to media literacy

people that watch more tv, and have lower media literacy levels, tend to believe the world is more violent and scary than it really is

What are the dimensions of media literacy

Cognitive, Emotional, Aesthetic, and Moral

Cognitive

being able to intellectually process thus info, includes linguistic and some technological literacies

Emotional

how media makes you feel- are these feelings impeding my understanding of the text critically or intellectually

Aesthetic

does this media succeed on an artistic level, and does it matter

Moral

what are the value systems imparted by this media text and do you agree with them

What is the main purpose of all media

to deliver audiences to advertisers

What is the role of rhetoric in advertising and public relations

the foundation of business, politics, and life in general

What is the purpose of branding

to differentiate identical consumer goods

Types of Ads

National and Local

National Ads

more indirect-action messages

Local Ads

more direct-action messages

Direct-action messages

straight to the point, and made with urgency. They want you to buy because of an event or sale going on

Indirect-action messages

reinforces a brand and makes audiences aware of a product

Social marketing

trying to sell a behavior or something positive to the audience and is required by law to have a certain amount per day

Public service

promotes nonprofit or government messages

What are the advising techniques we use

Lowest common denominator, unique selling proposition (USP), Positioning, Testimonial, and Fear appeal

Lowest common denominator

how and advertisement is meant to look another way in order to draw attention to an add

Unique selling proposition

how an item is different and better than another

Positioning

taking identical products and advertising them to different audiences

Testimonial

when a celeb or expert endorses a product

Fear appeal

and ad scares you into thinking a way or buying a product

What are 4 types of non-traditional ads

Viral, Product Placement , Infomercials, and Spam

Viral

viral videos that are ads for a company

Product placement

when media subtly shows a brand to advertise it

Infomercials

information commercials aired on tv usually

Advertising

creates quick sales and doesn’t need a role in management even a separate company may run this

Public relations

listens to how a brand is being talked about and needs a management role

What is the two-way symmetric model

PR manages organizations, individuals, and different publics with and emphasis on good relationships and ethical practices

Enlightened self-interest

coined by Paul Garret during the depression and convinced corps to work with the community and convince people that corps are in favor of progress and social change

Internal public relations

maintains good communications and relations

External public relations

how orgs. interact with groups outside of the themselves and the public

What do internal and external pr do

Image Management, Lobbying, Political communications, and Astroturfing

Image management

improves and evaluates an orgs. image and what people think of the org.

Lobbying

influences public policy and is when companies are talking to politicians and lawmakers

Political communications

includes running the media relation and advertising arms of political campaigns, both for individual politicians and for specific laws or referendums

Astroturfing

creating fake “grassroots” orgs. try to sway the public opinion (fake reviews online)

video news release

made by pr comps. on behalf of a product and send it to the news companies for them to air. usually becomes a. commercial

what is CMP

cost per thousand and is how ads are viewed as effedctive

what are the 2 most popular magazines

Costco and AARP

ARPAnet

created by US Dept. of Defense (Advanced Research Projects Agency).   \[Where the first message was sent on (UCLA-Stanford) converted in 1970 for civilian use\] made in 1969 (renamed to NSF Network in 1983

Lexis-Nexis

1st full-text online database (legal and news) renamed _____ Uni

CompusServe

1st commercially successful internet service provider

30 year rule

it takes 30 years for new technology to become embedded in everyday life

American Online (AOL)

one of the first wall gardens

Wall Garden

A digital place that is paid for and that keeps you from out of anything it doesn’t own. Apple with the Apple Store

Internet

a big networks of interconnected computers give to the public in 1995

World Wide Web

a software system that simplifies internet navigation and was made public domain in 1993

What is ICANN and who runs it

Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers was created by the US government and its Department of Commerce

5 Critera of evaluating online sources

Accuracy, authority, currency, objectivity, and courage

Agenda setting

the news doest tell you what to think but instead, what to think about

Major innovations in the field of journalism in the 19th century

Headlines, interviews of eyewitness, true-crime and entertainment stories, ethnic language and race-specific news, comics

Bennet Model

a form of journalism that was superficial and reported facts with no opinions

Hutchins Commission

a form of journalism that says that news should be truthful and comprehensive

Editorial Wall

hypothetical wall between journalists and advertisers (journalists aren’t supposed to know what ads are in the paper

The fourth estate

press and news media booth in explicit capacity of advocacy and implicit ability to frame political issues

News hole

the room for news lefts over after ads have been placed. Either column inches or minuets. 45% of space was news and 55% was ads and now gets less than 50%

Muckraking

the action of searching out and publicizing scandalous information about famous people in an underhanded way

Yellow journalism

based off yellow kid comics, associated newspapers that present little or no legitimate, well-researched news while instead using eye-catching headlines for increased sales

Magazine innovation

Photojournalism, the personality profile

Clear channel

spot in the radio dial that gave a great signal

KDKA

had the first commercial radio broadcast and the first sporting event

Early American Radio

religious, educational, different music types

Nelson

company that does ratings

Arbitron

What people sometimes call ratings

Harris Interactive

Harris Interactive was a market research company that was known for its use of online surveys to gather data from consumers.

Gallup

an American analytics and advisory company based in D.C. founded by George Gallup in 1935, the company became known for its public opinion polls conducted worldwide. best known for political polling

Pew Research center

Nonprofit polling company with reputable free data

SD

same day rating

L+3

same day and up to 3 days later

L+7

same day and up to 7 days later. not used by advertisers because they don’t want their ads to expire

what are issues with TV ratings

Sample selection, response bias, sweeps hyping

sweeps hyping moths

Nov, Feb, May, and July

Demographics

age, gender, race, location, employment status, salary, home ownership, etc

Cohort analysis

analyzes people in age groups