Nutrition Chapter 9

This set of flashcards covers key concepts related to fluid and electrolyte balance based on the lecture notes.

What are the functions of water in the body?

Water acts as a universal solvent, regulates body temperature, transports nutrients and wastes, lubricates joints, and cushions organs.

What is the Adequate Intake (AI) for total water in adult males and females?

For adult males, the AI is 3.7 L per day; for adult females, it is 2.7 L per day.

What are the primary extracellular electrolytes?

Sodium and Chloride are the primary extracellular electrolytes.

What defines dehydration and its health consequences?

Dehydration is the inadequate intake of water to replace losses, leading to symptoms like thirst, fatigue, and in severe cases, kidney failure.

How does the body regulate water balance?

Water balance is regulated by the kidneys and hormones such as antidiuretic hormone (ADH), angiotensin, and aldosterone.

What are the signs of dehydration at 4% and 10% body water loss?

At 4% loss: tiredness, dizziness, headache; at 10% loss: decreased heat tolerance and weakness, potentially leading to kidney failure.

What is the impact of sodium on fluid balance and blood pressure?

Sodium attracts water to maintain fluid balance; excessive sodium intake can lead to increased blood pressure.

What is the difference between hard and soft water?

Hard water contains higher levels of calcium and magnesium, while soft water has a higher sodium content.

What happens during osmosis in relation to fluid balance?

Osmosis is the passage of water through a membrane from a less concentrated compartment to a more concentrated one.

What two functions do potassium play in the body?

Potassium helps maintain water balance and is essential for nerve impulse transmission.