Wrist & Hand
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Last updated 12:08 PM on 3/13/23
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39 Terms
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The ____ fine-tunes hand position
wrist
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Radius (landmarks)
\-Body
\-Styloid Process
\-Ulnar Notch
\-Styloid Process
\-Ulnar Notch
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Ulna (landmarks)
\-Body
\-Styloid Process
\-Ulnar Head
\-Styloid Process
\-Ulnar Head
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How many carpal bones are there?
8 (4 in proximal row, 4 in distal row)
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What are the proximal row? (carpal bones)
\-Scaphoid
\-Lunate
\-Triquetrum
\-Pisiform
\-Lunate
\-Triquetrum
\-Pisiform
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What are the distal row? (carpal bones)
\-Trapezium
\-Trapezoid
\-Capitate
\-Hamate
\-Trapezoid
\-Capitate
\-Hamate
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How many metacarpal bones are there?
5 (long bones of the hand, # 1-5)
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How many phalangeal bones are there?
\-14
\-Thumb (Proximal, Distal)
\-Fingers 2-5 (Proximal, Middle, Distal)
\-Landmarks (Base, Body, Head)
\-Thumb (Proximal, Distal)
\-Fingers 2-5 (Proximal, Middle, Distal)
\-Landmarks (Base, Body, Head)
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Sesamoid Bones
\-Maybe 1 or 2 sesamoid bones (free floats) on the palmar aspect of 1st MCP joint
\-Typically lie in the opponens pollicus muscle
\-Typically lie in the opponens pollicus muscle
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Distal Radioulnar Joint
\-Head of the ulna articulates with the ulnar notch of the radius
\-Interosseous membrane holds these bones together in the forearm
\-Motions: Pronation/Supination
\-Interosseous membrane holds these bones together in the forearm
\-Motions: Pronation/Supination
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Radiocarpal Joint
\-Distal radius articulates with proximal carpals (Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum{slight})
\-Motions: Flexion/extension, Radial/ulnar deviation
\-Joint capsule and ligaments stabilize
\-Motions: Flexion/extension, Radial/ulnar deviation
\-Joint capsule and ligaments stabilize
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Triangular Fibrocartilage
\-Ulna is separated from the proximal row of carpals by fibrocartilaginous disc
green part
green part
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Midcarpal Joints
\-Joints between adjacent carpal bones
\-Functional joint exists between proximal and distal rows of carpals
\-Gliding motions
\-Dozens of individual ligaments
\-Functional joint exists between proximal and distal rows of carpals
\-Gliding motions
\-Dozens of individual ligaments
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Carpometacarpal Joints
\-1st MC & Trapezium (Separate joint cavity)
\-2nd MC & Trapezoid
\-3rd MC & Capitate
\-4th MC & Hamate
\-5th MC & Hamate
\-2nd MC & Trapezoid
\-3rd MC & Capitate
\-4th MC & Hamate
\-5th MC & Hamate
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1st Metacarpophalangeal Joint
\-Extreme Mobility
\-Saddle Joint
\-Flexion/extension
\-Abduction/Adduction
\-Opposition/Reposition
\-Saddle Joint
\-Flexion/extension
\-Abduction/Adduction
\-Opposition/Reposition
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2-5 Metacarpophalangeal Joints
\-Condyloid Joint
\-Flexion/extension
\-Abduction/adduction
\-Flexion/extension
\-Abduction/adduction
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Interphalangeal Joints
\-Hinge Joints: Thumb has one IP joint; Fingers each have PIP and DIP joints
\-Flexion/extension
\-Flexion/extension
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Thenar Eminence
\-Muscle mass on radial side of palm (squishy muscles on palm, thumb side)
* Abductor pollicis brevis
* Flexor pollicis brevis
* Opponens pollicis
* (Pollicis → related to thumb)
* Abductor pollicis brevis
* Flexor pollicis brevis
* Opponens pollicis
* (Pollicis → related to thumb)
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Hypothenar Eminence
\-Muscle mass on ulnar side of palm (fat pad on pinky side)
\-Abductor digiti minimi
\-Flexor digiti minimi brevis
\-Opponens digiti minimi
\-Abductor digiti minimi
\-Flexor digiti minimi brevis
\-Opponens digiti minimi
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Anatomical Snuffbox
\-Contents → Scaphoid Bone
\-Radial Border → EPB tendon & Abd. PB tendon
\-Ulnar Border → EPL tendon
(PIC: Bottom → EPB tendon, Middle → Abd. PB tendon, Top → EPL tendon
\-Radial Border → EPB tendon & Abd. PB tendon
\-Ulnar Border → EPL tendon
(PIC: Bottom → EPB tendon, Middle → Abd. PB tendon, Top → EPL tendon
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Carpal Tunnel
\-Contents: Median nerve, FPL tendon, 4 tendons of FDS, 5 tendons of FDP
\-Floor: Carpal Bones
\-Roof: Transverse carpal ligament (aka flexor retinaculum)
(PIC: supinated view)
\-Floor: Carpal Bones
\-Roof: Transverse carpal ligament (aka flexor retinaculum)
(PIC: supinated view)
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Tunnel of Guyon
\-Contents: Ulnar nerve
\-Borders: Hook of hamate & Pisiform bone
\-Lies superficial to transverse carpal ligament
\-Borders: Hook of hamate & Pisiform bone
\-Lies superficial to transverse carpal ligament
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Muscle which spinate
\-Supinator : O → L. epicondyle; I → Anterior Radius
\-Bicep brachii
\-Bicep brachii
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Muscles which Pronate
\-Pronator Teres: O → M. epicondyle, I → lateral radius
\-Pronator quadratus
\-Pronator quadratus
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Wrist Extensor Muscles
\-All originate off L. epicondyle via common extensor tendon
* ECRB
* EDC
* ECU
* EDM
* ECRL: O → Humerus, I → 2nd MC
* ECRB
* EDC
* ECU
* EDM
* ECRL: O → Humerus, I → 2nd MC
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Wrist Flexor Muscles
\-Originate off M. epicondyle via common flexor tendon
* FCR
* Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
* Palmaris Longus
* FCU
* Flexor Digitorum profundus: O → Proximal ulna, I → distal phalanges of 4 fingers
* FCR
* Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
* Palmaris Longus
* FCU
* Flexor Digitorum profundus: O → Proximal ulna, I → distal phalanges of 4 fingers
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Radial Deviation Muscles (moving toward thumb)
\-FCR
\-ECRB
\-ECRL
\-Abductor pollicus longus
\-Extensor pollicus longus
\-Extensor pollicus brevis
\-ECRB
\-ECRL
\-Abductor pollicus longus
\-Extensor pollicus longus
\-Extensor pollicus brevis
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Ulnar Deviation Muscles
\-FCU
\-ECU
\-ECU
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Finger (2-5) Extensor Muscles
\-EDC → all
\-Extensor indices → 2nd only
\-Extensor digiti minimi → 5th only
\-Lumbricals → IP joints only, place writing position
\-Extensor indices → 2nd only
\-Extensor digiti minimi → 5th only
\-Lumbricals → IP joints only, place writing position
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Finger (2-5) Flexor Muscles
\-MCP joints: Lumbricals, FDS
\-PIP joints: FDS
DIP joints: FDP
\-PIP joints: FDS
DIP joints: FDP
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Finger (2-5) Abduction & Adduction Muscles
\-MCP joints
* Dorsal interossei
* ABD
* Palmar interossei
* ADD
* Dorsal interossei
* ABD
* Palmar interossei
* ADD
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Thumb Extensor Muscles
\-EPL
\-EPB
\-EPB
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Thumb Flexor Muscles
\-FPL
\-FPB
\-FPB
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Thumb Abductor Muscles
\-APL
\-APB
\-APB
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Thumb Adductor Muscles
\-Adductor Pollicus
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Thumb Opposition Muscles
\-Opponens Pollicus
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Thumb Reposition Muscles
\-EPL
\-EFB
\-APL
\-APB
\-EFB
\-APL
\-APB
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Nerve Supply
\-Ulnar Nerve
\-Median Nerve
\-Radial Nerve
\-Median Nerve
\-Radial Nerve
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Functional Movements of Wrist & Hand
\-Strength of Grip
* Males grip strength on average 2× greater than females of similar age.
* Studies vary, but overall, \~6% stronger grip on dominant side.
* Males grip strength on average 2× greater than females of similar age.
* Studies vary, but overall, \~6% stronger grip on dominant side.
