Studied by 47 PeopleTags & Description
extrude
allows you to take a simple 2d shape and pull it out into a 3d object
revolve
Allows to revolve half of a profile/shape around a central axis, making it into a cylindrical feature.
shell
Hollows out a solid 3D model to create a shell.
dimension
adds sizes to a drawing
chamfer
used to angle corners
fillet
used to round corners
workplanes
set planes where you can draw 2d sketches that allow you to build your model from the ground up, side to side, or front to back.
true shapes
this is used to show the actual shape a surface, when it is difficult to see because of the angle of the surface or position of the surface on an orthographic drawing.
sectional drawings
Sectional views are used on drawings to show the inside details of an object more clearly than hidden detail can. They are also used on sectional assemblies to show clearly, how component parts of a product fit together.
hatching lines are always at 45°
exploded drawing
an exploded view shows the separate parts that make up an assembly. the parts are arranged in line to help identify how they would fit together.
shows how the parts should be assembled and in what order.
input devices that create digital files
scanner handheld scanner graphics tablet keyboard mouse
benefits of digital sketches
easier to modify can be used for illustrative purposes can be easily used for testing and/or simulation speed of production can be electronically shared saves on materials allows for remote working
contrasting colours (colour wheel)
contrasting colours occur when colours at the opposite side of the colour wheel are used together. contrasting colours are bold and create an exciting mood/feeling.
ex. red & green
harmonising colours
harmony is created when colours close to each other on the colour wheel are used together. harmony is easy on the eye and creates a feeling of peace.
ex. yellow and orange together create a warm relaxing image.
tints/shades of colour
tints and shades create greater colour options by adding white and black to colours.
• ex. adding WHITE to blue gives TINT of blue • ex. adding BLACK to blue gives a SHADE of blue
preliminary graphics (stage 1)
• initial stages of graphic design, rough and introductory work. thumbnail sketches which are small rough sketches.
• dont take long and give an immediate representation of your work.
• allows you to develop a whole range of ideas quickly and which allows you to build on and expand your designs.
production graphics (stage 2)
• has to convey certain pieces of information which would be of use to someone like a technologist, engineer, architect, etc.
information provided: • dimensions, moving parts, cross section, weight, material selection, etc.
forms: • orthographic drawings, sectional views, exploded views, assembly views, perspective, isometric, sections, stepped sections & cut aways.
• drawings are usually produced on AutoCAD or other cad packages
promotional graphics (stage 3)
• used by sales and marketing departments of companies. product or design is displayed and advertised.
forms: • posters, leaflets, flyers, displays.
effectiveness: • must attract consumers attention and make them want to look at it.
links: • linked with features elements and principles of desk top publishing
line
used to divide up a layout or connect other elements. varies in thickness and in colour.
shape
creative use of shape can grab a reader's attention. shape can help organise a layout. shape be organic, or abstract.
texture
physical refers to the roughness or feel of the paper being used.
visual refers to textures such as wet/water, metal, stone, etc from an image.
size
the relationship of items can be emphasised by size. the most important features are often the biggest creating dominance.
colour
the most effective element on the page. colour creates moods and excitement to engage the reader.
value
value deals with colour tones. darker colours have more value and therefore stand out more ot the reader.
mass
all items on a page have mass. a bold heading has more mass than a small heading. mass can catch the reader's attention and allow the design to ensure key features of images stand out.
balance
symmetrical/asymmetrical layout of a page. symmetry creates a formal page whereas asymmetry can create an exciting informal and unusual page.
contrast
contrasting colour and shapes can be used to make items stand out to create excitement.
dominance
items with greater emphasis stand out catching the readers eye and dominating the publication.
unity
careful positioning of items and good use of colour can make items on a page feel unified. this makes the page easier to follow and makes the whole page work as one item.
alignment
allows you to align text/graphics to the left, centre and right of a page ensuring that pages dont seem random.
whitespace
leaving areas of a layout free from text or graphics draws the reader eyes to the areas containing text and graphics. it allows the readers eyes to rest in busy layouts.
rhythm
allows a reader's eye to flow through page from beginning to end easily. this can be achieved through good use of shape layout balance alignment and colors.
typefaces
serifs: format fonts that create an elegant formal design for a publication
sanserifs: texts without flicks that are informal and normally used in modern publications or web page design.
bold fonts
bold fonts are used to create emphasis. bold fonts usually feature in the headline of the article/document/page.
scale
enlarges or reduces the original size of an object
copy
copies and positions objects without having to redraw them each time.
break
removes a section from the middle of a line.
trim
cut or remove part of line
extend
makes a line longer
text
add writing to a drawing
ellipse
draw an ellipse (oval shape)
flush
forces the face of one object to be aligned with the face of another object
offset
used in co-ordination with other constraints, the offset too allows you to create a special distance between the components you are trying to assemble
orientate
this allows you to constrain components at angles to one another. the face or edge of a component can be angled to the face or angle of another component.
mate
the mate command joins two faces together
tangent
locks the round face of a cylinder to the round face of another cylinder of a flat face of prism
surface developments
similar to a net shape. focuses on a set surface of the prism as opposed to its entire shape.
1 point perspective
form of pictorial view. commonly used for views of room interiors, all surfaces converge on the same vanishing point.
2 point perspective
used to illustrate buildings and objects realistically. vanishing points can be positioned to give the impression of height as if viewed from above.
disadvantages of perspective views
has the effect of shortening the depths of the project. lengths breadths and heights reduce in size as you get closer to the vanishing points.
line graphs
used to show how values change over a period of time
pie charts
used to show how values compare to some whole numbers (used for percentages)
bar charts
used to show how values compare directly against other values
