Roosevelt's Progressive Reforms & Early 20th Century Social Movements

Roosevelt Presidency

Roosevelt is considered the first modern President.

Trustbusting

Considered a 'Trust Buster' who wanted to curb the power of big business.

First suit against Northern Securities

First suit was against Northern Securities Companies in 1902, a merger of major rail companies financed by J.P. Morgan.

Supreme Court ruling on Northern Securities

Supreme Court voted 5-4 that Northern Securities had violated Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890.

United Mine Workers Strike

140,000 union members walked off in Summer 1902 demanding a pay hike and recognition of their union.

Square Deal

Roosevelt's intervention in a coal strike that resulted in a 10% pay increase for miners but did not recognize the union.

Muckrakers

Journalists who expose corruption and weakness in society and business.

Ida Tarbell's work

Enlisted to expose Standard Oil, writing 19 articles detailing how Rockefeller illegally gained his empire.

The Jungle

Written by Upton Sinclair, emphasizing unsanitary conditions in factory plants and leading to the Pure Food and Drugs Act.

Social Gospel

Christians should address social problems arising from urbanization and industrialization.

Women's Suffrage

Movement focused on voting rights, women's pay, and easier divorce for women.

NAWSA

National American Women Suffrage Association, founded by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony.

Alice Paul's approach

Unhappy with NAWSA's cautious tactics, she sought radical change and a Constitutional Amendment.

Changing Workplace

Business partnered with universities to research and develop new products, leading to paternalism in the workplace.

Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire

Fire broke out due to poor conditions, claiming 146 lives and leading to legislation for workplace safety.

Ludlow Massacre

Confrontations between United Mine Workers and company guards led to the deaths of 5 strikers and 11 children.

Prohibition

Movement led by the Woman's Christian Temperance Union to curb alcohol consumption and its societal impacts.

Children Reform

Movement aimed at protecting children from urban dangers and promoting child welfare.

Children's Bureau

Created in 1912 to address child labor issues, though little congressional reform occurred.

Presidential Successor 1908

Roosevelt named Secretary of War William Howard Taft as his successor before stepping down.

Taft vs. Roosevelt

Taft's presidency did not match Roosevelt's ideas, leading to tensions within the Republican Party.

Bull Moose Party

Roosevelt created this Progressive Party to run as a third-party candidate in the 1912 election.

Wilson and tariff reform

Lowered tariffs on imported goods and instituted an income tax to offset lost revenue.

Federal Reserve System

Created by the Federal Reserve Act to control currency and ensure an adequate money supply.

17th Amendment

Changed the election of senators from state legislatures to direct election by the voting population.

18th Amendment

Prohibited the product or sale of alcoholic beverages, marking the start of Prohibition.

19th Amendment

Granted women the right to vote, marking a significant victory for the women's suffrage movement.