gcse chemistry - noble gases

How many electrons do Noble gases how in their valence shell (outer shell)?

8 except for Helium which has 2.

What are the noble gases?

Helium (He), Neon (Ne), Argon (Ar), Krypton (Kr), Xenon (Xe), Radon (Rn).

How reactive are noble gases?

They are chemically unreactive meaning they are inert (chemically unactive).

What do noble gases exist as?

Monatomic gases - single atoms not bonded to each other.

Which properties of noble gases increase as you go down Group 0?

- boiling points

- density

What are noble gases at room temperature? (physical properties)

They are colorless, odourless and non-metal gases.

What are the properties of the noble gases? (chemical properties)

They have low boiling points, low densities and are very unreactive.

What causes the density of periodic groups to increase?

Larger atoms (with more shells) take up more space in a set volume.

What causes the boiling point of periodic groups to increase?

Inter-molecular forces are stronger between larger atoms meaning that more kinetic energy is needed to break them.

How is Helium used?

To fill party balloons or airships because it is less dense than air so makes them float.

How is Krypton (and Xenon) used?

In some lasers and in flat paneled display manufacturing.

How is Xenon used?

As car headlights to increase road safety. Xenon lamps produce a very bright light and increased contrast and color vision.

How is Neon used?

When an electrical current passes through it, it produces an orange light. It is used in advertising signs.

How is Argon used?

It is used in light bulbs as it won't react with the filament unlike air.

How is Xenon used in medicine?

It is a natural way of maintaining blood pressure and heart rate with few side effects.

How is Radnon used in medicine?

It is highly radioactive so has been used in radiotherapy to try cure cancer.

How is Krypton used for insulation?

It is sometimes used as a filler for double-glazing because it has a lower thermal conductivity than air.

How is Xenon used in the space industry?

It is used as a propellant that helps to steer satellites on their orbital paths through its mass.

Which gas is the densest?

Radnon.

How are different coloured neon lights made?

By coating the inside of the glass tubing with other chemicals.