Endocrine Hormones Extra

What does the growth hormone target?

Bones, muscles, liver

What happens if there is too much of the growth hormone?

Gigantism (kids), acromegaly (adults)

What happens if there is not enough of the growth hormone?

Dwarfism (kids), low muscle mass

What does the hormone prolactin target?

Mammary glands

What happens when there is too much prolactin?

Excess milk production, infertility

What happens when there is not enough prolactin?

Inability to produce milk

What does the follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) target?

Ovaries (follicles), testes (sperm cells)

What happens when there is too much of the follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

Ovarian/testicular dysfunction

What happens when there is not enough of the follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)?

Infertility, low sperm/egg production

What does the luteinizing hormone target?

Ovaries (ovulation), testes (testosterone production)

What happens when there is too much of the luteinizing hormone?

Hormonal imbalance, possible infertility

What happens when there is not enough of the luteinizing hormone?

Failure to ovulate, low testosterone

What does the thryoid stimulating hormone target?

Thyroid gland

What happens when someone has too much of the thyroid stimulating hormone?

Enlarged thyroid, hypothyroid symptoms

What happens when someone had not enough of the thyroid stimulating hormone?

Reduced thyroid activity

What is the target for the Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ATCH)?

Adrenal cortex

What happens when someone has to much of the ACTH hormone?

Excess cortisol

What happens when someone has not enough of their ACTH hormone?

Low cortisol, f

What does oxytocin target?

Uterus, mammary glands

What happens when someone has too much oxytocin?

Excess uterine contractions

What happens when someone doesn’t have enough of oxytocin

Weak labor, poor milk letdown

Where does the Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) target?

Kidneys

What happens when there is too much of the Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)?

Water retention, low urine output

What happens when the Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) is too low?

Excess urination, dehydration

What does calcitonin target?

Boens

What happens when someone’s calcitonin is too low?

Low blood calcium

What happens when there is too much calcitonin?

Minimal effect

Where does the thyroid hormone target

Most body cells

What happens why the thyroid hormone is too high?

Hyperthyroidism (weight loss, heart rate)

What happens when the thyroid hormone is too low?

Hypothyroidism (weight gain, fatigue)

What does thyroxine (T4) target?

Most body cells

What happens when there is too much of thyroxine (T4)?

Increased metabolism

What happens when there is not enough of thyroxine (T4)?

Slowed metabolism

What does the parathyroid hormone target?

Bones, kidneys, intestines

What happens when the parathyroid hormone is too high?

High blood calcium, bone loss

What happens when the parathyroid hormone is too low?

Low calcium, muscle spasms

What does cortisol target?

Many tissues (liver, immune system)

What happens when cortisol is too high?

Cushing’s syndrome (weight gain, high glucose)

What happens when cortisol is too low?

Addison’s disease (fatigue, low BP)

What does Epinephrine target?

Heart, lungs, muscles

What happens when epinephrine is too high?

Anxiety, high heart rate, hypertension

What happens when epinephrine is too low?

Poor stress response

Where does norepinephrine target?

Blood vessels, heart

What happens when norepinephrine is too high?

High blood pressure

What happens when norepinephrine is too low?

Low blood pressure

Where does insulin target?

Liver, muscle, fat cells

What happens when insulin is too high?

Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)

What happens when insulin is too low?

diabetes mellitus (high blood sugar)

What does glucagon target?

Liver

What happens if glucagon is too high?

High blood sugar

What happens when glucagon is too low?

Low blood sugar

What does melatonin target?

Brain (Pineal gland)

What happens when melatonin is too high?

Excess sleepiness

What happens when melatonin is too low?

Insomnia

What does thymosin target?

Killer T cells

What happens when thymosin is too high?

Overactive immune response

What happens when thymosin is too low?

weak immune system

What does estrogen target?

Uterus, breasts, bones

What happens when estrogen is too high?

Risk of cancer, blood clots

What happens when estrogen is too low?

Osteoporosis, irregular periods

What does progesterone target?

Uterus

What happens when progesterone is too high?

Mood changes, sedation

What happens when progesterone is too low?

Irregular menstruation, miscarriage risk