h. geography : unit 11 late middle ages vocab

Avignon

City in France where the pope temporarily moved his residence for 69 years

Bubonic Plague

a deadly disease that spread across Asia and Europe in the mid-14th century, killing millions of people

Burgher

A medieval town dweller.

Crusade

one of the expeditions in which medieval Christian warriors sought to recover control of the Holy Land from the Muslims

Dante Aligheri

Italian author who wrote the Divine Comedy

Eleanor of Aquitaine

Former queen of France, who married an English king bringing French lands under control of the English crown

Geoffrey Chaucer

English author of the Canterbury Tales

Gothic

relating to a style of church architecture that developed in medieval Europe, featuring ribbed vaults, stained glass windows, flying buttresses, pointed arches, and tall spires

Guild

a medieval association of people working at the same occupation, which controlled its members' wages and prices

Henry II

English king who added French lands to English holdings by marrying Eleanor of Aquitaine

Hundred years' War

A conflict in which England and France battled on French soil on and off from 1337 A.D. to 1453 A.D.

Jan Hus

Bohemian scholar who taught that the Bible was the final authority for Christian life

Joan of Arc

peasant girl who led french army to victory at Orleans

John Wycliffe

English scholar who argued that the Bible was the final authority for Christian life

Louis IX

Grandson of Phillip II, who created the French Appeals court

Magna Carta

"Great Charter"- a document guaranteeing basic political rights in England, drawn up by nobles and approved by King John in A.D. 1215

Phillip II

One of the most powerful Capetian kings, tripled lands and made a stronger central government

Richard the Lion-Hearted

An English king who fought in the third crusade and reached a compromise whith the Muslims in regards to the Holy Land

Saladin

Famous Muslim leader of the 1100s, who fought in the crusades

St.Francis of Assisi

An Italian who founded an order of friars known as Franciscans, This individual treated all creatures, including animals, as if they were spiritual brothers and sisters

Thomas Aquinas

Scholar who argued that the most basic religious truths could be proved by sound reasoning

Three-field-system

a system of farming developed in medieval Europe, in which farm land was divided into three fields of equal size and each of these was successively planted with a winter crop, planted with a spring crop, and left unplanted.

Urban II

Pope who called for the first "Holy war", or Crusade

Vernacular

The everyday language of people in a region or country

Willian the Conqueror

Duke of Normandy who invaded England in 1066 A.D. and claimed the English crown