AP American Government Required Documents

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Declaration of Independence

* foundation of American political culture
* social contract, popular sovereignty, and democracy

Articles of Confederation

a governing document that created a union of thirteen sovereign states in which the states, not the national government, were supreme

Federalist 10

* factions are guaranteed to form in a society with freedom because of varied opinions
* large, diverse republics can halt factions because the difference in opinions can keep one majority group from taking over

Brutus 1

* a large republic will result in citizens not knowing their representatives well
* the country is too large for a single national government to hold all power, could turn to tyranny

Federalist 51

separation of powers + checks and balances can prevent tyranny

Federalist 70

* unitary and energetic executive
* Unity, Duration, Adequate provision for support, Competent powers
* Decision, activity, secrecy, and despatch

McCulloch v. Maryland

* Congress has authority to charter national banks (necessary and proper clause)
* states do __not__ have the authority to tax the national government (supremacy clause)

United States v. Lopez

* the national government cannot claim that guns in schools affect interstate commerce (commerce clause)
* The Gun Free School Zones Act of 1990 was deemed unconstitutional
* reaffirmed state power (devolution)

Baker v. Carr

* Supreme Court has the authority to regulate the acceptance of legislative district drawings
* Districts must be apportioned proportionally

Shaw v. Reno

districts cannot be intentionally drawn to revolve around race

Marbury v. Madison

Marbury wanted his job but didn’t get it, established principle of judicial review, which gave courts the power to declare legislative and executive decisions unconstitutional

Federalist 78

argument by Alexander Hamilton that the federal judiciary would be unlikely to infringe upon rights and liberties but would serve as a check on the other two branches