separating mixtures- junior cert

chromotography procedure

draw a pencil line straight across horizontally across around 1 cm from the bottom of the chromotography paper strip

place three spots from different coloured markers a couple of centimeters apart on the pencil line

now place the end of the chromotography paper just below the pencil line into the water and hold it there until the water has moved up the paper

observation of chromotography

the dyes in the ink get seperated out from each other as the water takes the different dyes up the paper the dyes that dissolve the best in the water are carried up the furthest in the water

procedure of filltration

set up apparatus as shown in diagram

gently pour the mixture into the funnel

dont over fill the funnel in case any of the mixture goes inside the filter paper

allow time for the mixture to be filtrated

observation of filltration

the sand remains inside the filter paper this is called residue the water goes through the filter paper and is clear in the beaker where it was collected this is called filtrate

everyday examples of filtration

coffee filter tea bags fish tank filters

procedure for evaporation

set up apparatus as in diagram

place a beaker half full with water onto the hot plate and start it to boil

place one spatula of salt into some water and dissolve the salt into an evaporating basin

place the evaporating basin over the beaker of water

continue until the water has evaporated out and the evaporating basin

observation of evaporation

the salt has remained in the basin the water has evaporated off

insoluble

a substance that cant dissolve in a liquid eg sand in water

process of distillation

steam is produced with the salt water boiling

steam enters the liebig condenser and condenses

observation of distillation

the conical flask captures the distillate

how does a liebig condenser work

cold water surrounds the tap causing evaporated liquid to condense the tap is always connected to lower part to ensure water fills entire condenser

soluble

substance that can be dissolved in a liquid