Grammer

V+上去/来

Movement is up. 去：and away from speaker 来: and towards speaker  “v-up” (拿，坐)

V+下去

Movement is down and away from speaker “v-down” (说，拿，走)

V+下来

Movement is down and towards speaker “v-down/depart” (生， 写，买，拿，走)

V+出去

Movement is out and away from speaker “v-out” （拿，坐）

V+出来

Movement is out and toward speaker “v-out/emerge” （拿，说，看，听，走，想，找）

V+过去/来

(拿，走)

V+起来 （起去 doesn’t exist)

“v-up”（坐，听，拿，看，想）

V+进去

Movement is in and away from speaker “v-in” (拿，走，放)

V+进来

Movement is in and toward speaker “v-in” (拿，走)

V+得/不下

吃，坐，拿，放

V+得/不完

吃

V+得/不起

买

V+得/不到

买，听，看，想，找

V+得/不着

睡

V+得/不懂

吃，看

的

N1 + 的 + N2

地

地 + v./adv.

得

得 +  complement

把

Subj. + adv. + 把 + obj. + v. phrase

If no subj.: X + obj./resulative complement + v. phrase

Can never have a potential complement （V+得/不 ） because they are hypothetical, and 把 only describes completed actions

恐怕

Pattern must always follow (N.) + 恐怕 + auxiliary v. (能/要/得) + Subj + (include 了 if action has not been done)

正好

Coincidence. Pattern: Subj. + 正好 + V. phrase (if none than 正好 is last)

无论。。。，都/也。。

No matter. Pattern: 无论 + circumstance/subject , + 都 + inventable result.

只好

Only ioption. “…, “(subj+）只好+verb phrase

非不可

Strong desire/determination to complete act: Subj. + 非(要) + [Verb Phrase] + 不可.。“不可” omitted if dislike of event.

Must: 非 + Subj. + [Verb Phrase] + 不可

再

Future: Subj. + 再 + V

Repetition: Subj. + 再 + Verb + Obj(usually 一 mw)

又

Repeated past event: Subj. + 又 + V + 了

Emotional repeated future event: Subj. + 又 + (Aux. 要/可以/能/是+) Verb + Obj.

才

Is only/only have: 才 + Number + [mw] + Noun

一干二净

Sb 把 Sth +V（吃/忘/打扫）得一干二净 

丢三落四

Sb+（常常/这么/从不/老是）+丢三落四的

最好

Positive: Subj. + 最好 + V/Adj.

Negative: Subj. + 最好 + 别 / 不要 + V/Adj.