Bios 114: Quiz 8

Bios

What is the function of the Cerebrum?

Responsible for higher brain functions including thought, action, and sensations.

Where is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) located?

CSF circulates in the ventricles of the brain and the subarachnoid space.

What is the role of the Meninges?

Protective coverings of the brain and spinal cord.

What connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain?

Corpus Callosum.

What are gyri?

The raised folds on the surface of the brain.

What are sulci?

The grooves or indentations between the gyri on the brain.

What is the primary function of the Cerebellum?

Coordination of movement and balance.

What are ventricles in the brain?

Cavities filled with cerebrospinal fluid.

What is the role of the Thalamus?

Relay station for sensory and motor signals to the cerebral cortex.

What is the function of the Hypothalamus?

Regulates homeostasis and controls the pituitary gland.

What does the Pituitary Gland (Hypophysis) do?

Secretes hormones that regulate various bodily functions.

What structures compose the Brain Stem?

Midbrain, Pons, and Medulla Oblongata.

What is the function of the Medulla Oblongata?

Controls autonomic functions such as breathing and heart rate.

What is White Matter composed of?

Myelinated axons that connect different parts of the nervous system.

What is Grey Matter composed of?

Neuronal cell bodies and unmyelinated axons.

What is the function of the Dorsal Root?

Carries sensory information toward the spinal cord.

What is the role of the Ventral Root?

Carries motor information away from the spinal cord.

What is a Reflex Arc?

The neural pathway that mediates a reflex action.

What are the main parts of a neuron?

Cell body, dendrites, and axons.

What do Schwann Cells do?

Produce the myelin sheath around peripheral nerves.

What is the function of the Myelin Sheath?

Insulates axons to increase the speed of nerve impulse transmission.

What are Nodes of Ranvier?

Gaps in the myelin sheath that facilitate rapid signal transmission.

What occurs at a Synapse?

Communication between two neurons.

What is the Synaptic Knob?

The end of an axon where neurotransmitters are released.

What is the Synaptic Cleft?

The gap between two neurons at the synapse.

What are Neuroglial cells?

Support cells in the nervous system.

What comprises the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

The brain and spinal cord.

What does the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) include?

Cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and sensory receptors.

What is the function of the Cornea?

To refract light entering the eye.

What is the Retina?

The light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye.

What do Rod Cells do?

Enable vision in low light conditions.

What is the function of Cone Cells?

Responsible for color vision in bright light.

What does the Lens do?

Focuses light onto the retina.

What is the Vitreous Humor?

The clear gel that fills the space between the lens and the retina.

What is the Iris?

The colored part of the eye that regulates the size of the pupil.

What is the Aqueous Humor?

The fluid between the cornea and lens that maintains intraocular pressure.

What is the function of the Pupil?

Regulates the amount of light entering the eye.

What is the Fovea Centralis?

The area of the retina with the highest concentration of cone cells, responsible for sharp central vision.

What is the function of the Optic Nerve?

Transmits visual information from the retina to the brain.

What is the Sclera?

The white outer coating of the eyeball that provides protection.

What is the Optic Disc?

The point in the retina where the optic nerve leaves the eye; also known as the blind spot.

What is the function of the Conjunctiva?

A protective membrane that covers the front of the eye and lines the eyelids.

What is the Auricle/Pinna?

The external part of the ear that collects sound.

What is the Auditory Canal?

The passageway that leads sound waves to the eardrum.

What does the Tympanic membrane do?

Vibrates in response to sound waves, converting them into mechanical vibrations.

What is the Eustachian/Auditory Tube?

Equalizes pressure between the middle ear and the atmosphere.

What are the Malleus, Incus, and Stapes?

The three small bones in the middle ear that transmit sound vibrations to the inner ear.

What is the Cochlea?

The spiral-shaped organ in the inner ear responsible for converting sound vibrations into neural signals.

What do Semicircular canals detect?

Balance and spatial orientation.

What are Taste Cells?

Cells on the tongue responsible for detecting taste.

What are Papillae?

Structures on the tongue that contain taste buds.

What are the Taste zones on the tongue?

Areas of the tongue that correspond to different taste sensations (sweet, sour, salty, bitter, umami).