Biology Lab 8- Central Dogma of Biology

What is the central dogma of biology?

How cells use the genetic info (DNA) and the flow of genetic material in a cell or organism

What is the purpose of DNA replication

Allows genetic material to be passed from parent cell to daughter cell.

What is the purpose of protein synthesis

Creates protein molecules through transcription (DNA to mRNA) and translation (mRNA to protein)

Why do cells replicate their DNA

Cell replicate their DNA so is can pass on its DNA to daughter cells

When do cells do protein synthesis

All the time

Role of mRNA

Product of transcription. It will be read during translation

Role of rRNA

The main component of ribosome, where translation occurs

Role of tRNA

Molecule that grabs onto amino acids, carries them into ribosome, and attaches onto specific codons

How do you do transcription and translation

After the replication fork is made and 2 template strands of DNA are created, where nucleotides will bond and create mRNA. Using the mRNA strand, anti-codons will pair to it, first on P-Site, then on A-Site of the ribosome, with tRNA attaching itself to the anti-codons, bringing a specific amino acid. The P-Site amino acid will then pair to the A-site and the tRNA will disappear. The ribosome then moves on to the next codon.

What are mutations

Change in the DNA sequence.

Point mutation vs chromosomal rearrangement

Point mutation is a mutation on a single nucleotide

Chromosomal rearrangement are mutations to the chromosomal structure

Problems associated with sickle cell disease

Lower oxygen carrying capacity and risk of blood clots

What are genomic vaccines

Genomic vaccines either use DNA or RNA to instruct infected cells to produce proteins, such as the spike protein in COVID-19 vaccines, to trigger immune responses (release of anti-bodies)

What occurs in our cells when injected with COVID genomic vaccines

The cells is essentially hijacked. The vaccine will enter with mRNA, go through translation, creating an amino acid chain, which creates the spike protein. This spike protein will go to the surface of the cell, where the immune system will detect it and release anti-bodies to neutralize it.

How do genomic vaccines relate to protein synthesis?

Genomic vaccines will inject you with either DNA or mRNA, which will need to undergo protein synthesis to create proteins to stimulate you immune system response.