id 2242 neoclassicism and (intro to) romanticism

studied byStudied by 4 people
0.0(0)
learn
LearnA personalized and smart learning plan
exam
Practice TestTake a test on your terms and definitions
spaced repetition
Spaced RepetitionScientifically backed study method
heart puzzle
Matching GameHow quick can you match all your cards?
flashcards
FlashcardsStudy terms and definitions

1 / 11

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.

12 Terms

1

neoclassicism and romanticism

neoclassicism:
- late 18th century - early 19th
- continues characteristics of moralizing art and rejects rococo
- didacticism, moral stories about being a good citizen of the new french republic

romanticism:
- 19th century
- literature; “the sublime” story-telling about tragedy
→tragic events: shipwrecks, murder, tragic heroes, martyrs, anti-heroes;; “irrational nature” “irrational consciousness: nightmares”

New cards
2
<p>Jacques-Louis David, Oath of the Horatii, 1784<br><em>Neoclassicism</em></p>

Jacques-Louis David, Oath of the Horatii, 1784
Neoclassicism

subject matter:
- Livy’s The History of Rome (1st c. BC): 3 members of the Roman Horatii family have been chosen for a duel against 3 from the Curiatii family to settle disputes b/w Romans & another city

content: Horace - father, Horatii - family
- story of “sacrifice” of the individual for the good of many
- used as propaganda for the french revolution

*one of the daughters (on right) is married to one of the enemy (she’ll either lose her husband or her brother)

melodramatic moment: horace in center; axial balance; 3 brothers paralleling in agreement (parallelism = unified)
→ (“Baroque subject matter”) *but w/ selection of story of heroism
- (“cult of hero”) *patriotic/political agenda
- hero = good citizen → french rev. propaganda

composition: all action in the foreground, stage-like setting, tenebroso
- life-size scale artwork → adds to the depth of the story
- architecture divides them: sons on left, father centered, daughters on right
- repetition of red/blue colors (drawing on patriotic colors → french flag)

New cards
3

The French Revolution

1789 - 1799: societal reform
overthrow of monarchy
establishment of a (democratic) republic
storming of the bastille, 1789
signing of the “rights of man,” 1791
reign of terror: more than 18k citizens executed by guillotine in 1793 to 1794

signing of the “rights of man & citizen”, 1791
1. men are born and remain free and equal in rights
2. preservation of the rights of man: liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression

republican calendar
→ celebrated the revolution “as a return to natural time,” counted Year 1 from 1791 and remained until Year XIV (1806)
→ renaming months after the seasons—Brumaire, Germinal, Thermidor
→ weeks divided into ten day units called the decade
- days: Primodi, Duodi, Tridi, Quartidi w/ the 10th day, the Decadi, as the official day of rest
→ replacing holidays w/ names of flowers, veggies, and farming utensils: day of the pumpkin, day of the eggplant, etc

republican time:
→ each day in the calender was divided into 10 hours, each hour into 100 decimal minutes
→ an hour = 144 conventional min
→ a min = 86.4 conventional sec
→ a sec = 0.864 conventional sec

New cards
4
<p>David, Death of Marat, 1763<br><em>Neoclassicism</em></p>

David, Death of Marat, 1763
Neoclassicism

“cult of the hero”

Jean-Paul Marat: best known as a radical journalist and politician from the french revolution
→ assassinated on July 1793 by Charlotte Corday, while he soaked in a bath as treatment for a skin condition

  • didactic: how to be a good citizen

    • death = peaceful

  • propaganda for french revolution

    • politician at work, simplicity of setting

“Baroque composition”: all action in foreground, stage-like setting, tenebroso

propaganda → “the pen is mightier than the sword”

New cards
5
<p>David, Napoleon Crossing the Alps, 1800<br><em>Neoclassicism</em></p>

David, Napoleon Crossing the Alps, 1800
Neoclassicism

“cult of the hero”: engaged eye, control of animal

approx. 9ft tall and 7ft wide → life-size

Napoleon Bonaparte: (Corsica, 1769 - 1821)
- while a general, invaded Egypt
- 1799, seized power in France
- crowned himself emperor, 1804
1800: crosses Alps to Italy to reinforce French troops fighting against Austrian occupation
*signature in bottom right, also has leader before him → Hannibal, Charles the Great

New cards
6
<p>Antoine Jean Gros, Pest House at Jaffa, 1804<br><em>Neoclassicism</em></p>

Antoine Jean Gros, Pest House at Jaffa, 1804
Neoclassicism

commissioned by Napoleon

+in 1799 during the campaigns in the middle east, while in Jaffa, Napoleon’s army fell victim to a plague epidemic
+Napoleon visited them in a hospital (called a Pest House: “pestilence”)

→ Napoleon in the hero here (cult of the hero → him touching the plague victim)

+life-size scale, setting → mosque, minaret

New cards
7
<p>Theodore Gericault, The Mounted Officer of the Imperial Guard, 1812<br><em>Romanticism</em></p>

Theodore Gericault, The Mounted Officer of the Imperial Guard, 1812
Romanticism

~he’s a deserter → fleeing from battle
~anti-hero
~tragic story

  • romance literature: “the sublime”

    • introduced into french culture by Edmund Burke, “A Philosophical Inquiry into our idea of the sublime & the beautiful,” 1756":

      • educational reform, studied “how we learn” → “how a lesson is engraved in our being”

    • proposed that we have a sublime experience when we intensely learn something: awe inspiring, intense, emotional

~ tragic story, victim, fear, ugliness, “irrationality”

  • literature, art, drama: ways of having a “sublime" experience” as a surrogate and not a victim

New cards
8
<p>George Stubbs, Lion Attacking a Horse, 1763<br><em>Romanticism</em></p>

George Stubbs, Lion Attacking a Horse, 1763
Romanticism

content:
the sublime: tragedy, irrationality/power

New cards
9
<p>Henry Fuseli, The Nightmare, 1781<br><em>Romanticism</em></p>

Henry Fuseli, The Nightmare, 1781
Romanticism

the sublime: an incubus, engaged eye

~incubus: male demon, lies to sleeping people
~female horse: Germanic folktales: ppl in bad dreams visited by horses/hags

New cards
10
<p>J.A.D Ingres, Oedipus and the Sphinx, 1801<br><em>Romanticism</em></p>

J.A.D Ingres, Oedipus and the Sphinx, 1801
Romanticism

“refers to a type of French novel”
~Roman a clef / roman a cle: “tragic twist in a plot”

Romantic literature - a story w/ tragic overtones

  • the sublime” as subject matter

embodying answer to riddle: a human → as a child crawls on all fours, as an adult walks on 2 legs, in old age uses a stick as a 3rd leg

  • child→ abandoned: crawling on 4s

  • mature adult: Oedipus at cave

  • blinded man: walking w/ stick

planimetric separation:

  • used to tell episodes in story

  • foreground (sphinx, riddle), middle ground (witness), background (Thebes: where tragedy concludes)

implied lines

New cards
11
<p>Goya, Saturn Devouring his Children, 1823<br><em>Romanticism</em></p>

Goya, Saturn Devouring his Children, 1823
Romanticism

saturn/crones: roman god

  • prophesized that one day Saturn would lose power when one of his children would depose him

    • to prevent: he ate his kids

  • when 6th, Jupiter (eventually defeats Saturn), was born, the wife spirited him away to Crete island

tragic “sublime”

out of focus: “irrationality”

tenebroso

engaged eye: wild eyed

New cards
12
<p>Goya, Third of May 1808, 1814<br><em>Romanticism</em></p>

Goya, Third of May 1808, 1814
Romanticism

may 2nd 1808

  • spanish peasants rose up against mercenaries of Napoleon’s army occupying Madrid

may 3rd

  • revolutionaries were killed by firing squad by the French army

tenebroso

sublime

moment: tragic

~sequence: waiting to be killed, then you’re up, then outcome
~firing squad → united force

  • you don’t see the moment, you see the anxiety building up to the moment

viewer’s vantage point: parallel

~guy holding hands up: cross → crucifix of Christ

New cards

Explore top notes

note Note
studied byStudied by 17 people
312 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 38 people
379 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 21 people
759 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 56 people
798 days ago
5.0(4)
note Note
studied byStudied by 411 people
345 days ago
5.0(2)
note Note
studied byStudied by 20 people
898 days ago
5.0(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 14 people
899 days ago
5.0(1)

Explore top flashcards

flashcards Flashcard (147)
studied byStudied by 56 people
850 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (31)
studied byStudied by 16 people
87 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (90)
studied byStudied by 26 people
422 days ago
5.0(2)
flashcards Flashcard (46)
studied byStudied by 5 people
395 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (297)
studied byStudied by 602 people
832 days ago
5.0(2)
flashcards Flashcard (26)
studied byStudied by 3 people
815 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (42)
studied byStudied by 11 people
548 days ago
5.0(1)
flashcards Flashcard (38)
studied byStudied by 7 people
638 days ago
5.0(1)
robot